Hip Hop Compare and Contrast free essay sample

Beginning in the sasss among the African American and Latino people group, Hip-bounce was conceived in South Bronx, New York City. Hip bounce Is a music type that has a predictable support beat, while the beat Is playing the lyricist musically talks over the beat, which has gotten known as rapping. All through the ass and ass hip-jump picked up notoriety with significant specialists, for example, OPAC, Biggie Smalls, Dir Deer, and The Sugar Hill Gang. In the beginning of hip jump, rappers essentially talk about their battles throughout everyday life. A few on-screen characters lead to the ubiquity and wide spread of hip jump, principally the way that numerous individuals could identify with the verses. Being raised in a network where its many ages of neediness, lyricists rap about their medication use, issues with police, and their failure to leave the endless loop. A prime model would be OPAC Shakers changes. We will compose a custom article test on Hip Hop Compare and Contrast or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After some time the hip bounce Industry has changed, new school was conceived in the late ass and early backtalk until now. It shows up craftsmen and audience members have lost sight f what hip-jump initially stood for.Songs are essentially around three things, medications, cash or ladies. A couple of instances of craftsmen that have embraced this style would be Ill Wayne, Soul]a Boy and Young Jeez. Bone Thugs N Harmony was a well known old fashioned gathering, they had endeavored to make a rebound as of late with the arrival of their collection Strength and Loyalty. In any case, they kept up their past style, which the standard didn't embrace. Accordingly, the collection was not extremely fruitful and the band has tumbled to unremarkableness. As I would see it I incline toward old school hip jump as opposed to new school.It Is exceptionally clear that specialists of the more established age are more innovative than the more up to date. They rapped about an expansive scope of themes, making every craftsman sound extraordinary and one of a kind. Somewhat It Is apparent In new school hip bounce; in any case, It Is not underscored or acknowledged. Todays hip bounce comes up short on the inventiveness, as each melody is commonly about a similar theme, simply unique beat. All things considered, I stay a hip bounce fan whether it is old school or new, my inclination is obviously the previous.

In what ways and how effectively can governments facilitate the Essay

In what ways and how viably would governments be able to encourage the improvement of significant businesses and add to national intensity - Essay Example These are special exchange understanding that permits free market access to the part nations. Increment in mix understandings exhibits inspiration of the national governments (Dennis, 2002). This is a system to pick up preferred position of size in showcase a making an enormous market for the significant businesses and shielding them from outside rivalry (Hitt Ireland and Hoskisson,â 1999). Evacuation of exchange obstructions may lead the organizations to realign their hierarchical structures to concentrate on a provincial market. These mixes will keep on being building hinders in the worldwide economy. The arrangement worldwide mix like European Union changed open acquirement (Stanley Hoffman, 2002). It likewise decreased the expense of vulnerability of various monetary standards. Tesco is the UK’s driving food retailer, profits by European Union less guideline. Subsequently, it has had the option to infiltrate in a few nations inside the district. US likewise went into an exchange concurrence with Canada and Mexico, NAFTA to wipe out exchange limitations (UN, 2001). NAFTA likewise energizes improvement of foundations inside part states. Wal-Mart had the option to enter Mexico showcase in 1990, and by 2004 it turned into the biggest retail location. This has empowered the Mexico retail part to develop after the exchange progression under NAFTA. In addition, NAFTA has required outside direct interests in Mexico (Paprzycki and Fukao,â 2008). The Agreement in the Southeast Asia (ASEAN) was framed to advance multilateral financial participation inside the Pacific district (Rondinelli, Heffron and Pacific Basin Research Center, 2007). The pioneers invested in accomplishing free and open exchange the area. BYD likewise has profited by zero taxes under the unhindered commerce progression among China and ASEAN. The market frameworks are the drivers on the national monetary development and courses through which private venture

Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity

Presentation Control is the chief subject in various authoritative hypotheses and remains perhaps the primary theme that shapes every single individual’s involvement with associations (Baker, 1993, p. 409). Chester (1968, p. 17) features the noteworthiness of control. He expresses that the â€Å"key characterizing part of any association is the laborers subjection to a level that their own desire don't outperform group will of the organization†.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He adds that for people to understand their fantasies they should surrender a segment of their self-governance in the hierarchical. Because of this pressure, control is generally testing in numerous associations. Accordingly, Organizations have been provoked to set up control frameworks. The hierarchical control frameworks have significantly advanced because of changes in administrative frameworks from the tyrant bureaucratic control to consensual control looking like free gatherings or self-overseeing groups. The last is a decentralized and progressively participative libertarian framework that gives a superior option in contrast to the various leveled bureaucratic control. This arrangement of control has likewise advanced from esteem based accord to a framework that involves justified standard guidelines (Baker, 1993, p. 410). Edwards (1981) recognized three systems of control that have created from the contemporary battle to control singular exercises in associations. The principal system is the immediate, extremist and individual control chiefly utilized by entrepreneurs or recruited directors. This is normal in family-claimed organizations. The subsequent methodology is the innovative control. This procedure radiates from physical innovation. The third and the most well-known procedure is the domineering control. This methodology is gotten from various leveled connections inside the association. It is additionally founded on equal arrangements of all inclusive guidelines that reward the individuals who go along and rebuffs the individuals who don't consent. The idea of self-overseeing groups right now, the most celebrated authoritative change to post-bureaucratic structures is the development of the traditional progressive based association to consensually controlled self-overseeing groups (Baker, 1993, p. 413). Despite the fact that this idea has gotten progressively mainstream over the ongoing past, it isn't new. The supporters of this idea portray it as a principal change in the traditional administrative and various leveled structure of an association (Orsburn et al., 1990; Wellins, William Wilson, 1991). As indicated by Baker (1993, p. 413), the idea of self-overseeing groups changes the customary and dictator structure to participatory structure. This implies representatives in a self-overseeing group encounters life in an immensely unexpected manner in comparison to workers in the past system.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead of being provided arranges by those in the hierarchy of leadership, representatives in oneself overseeing groups must amass and break down data, take a shot at it and assume joint liability for their deeds. Self-overseeing groups are typically sorted out in gatherings of 10 to 15 people. The management’s obligation is to introduce esteem based objectives/vision for representatives to move in the direction of. Thus, self-overseeing colleagues are guided by these objectives to coordinate their individual errands and connection with different divisions inside the association (Baker, 1993, p. 413). Self-overseeing groups are accountable for very much explained undertakings in various types of associations. The individuals are very much prepar ed to do any activity work and have impressive capacity to settle on key choices required to execute a given errand. Notwithstanding completing their individual undertakings, individuals can likewise set their work plan, make requests and connection with different gatherings (Baker, 1993, p. 414). Other than limiting organization and sparing expenses by disposing of low-level chiefs, self-overseeing groups likewise improve laborers inspiration, efficiency and dedication (Wellins, William Wilson, 1991, p. 22). The uniqueness between self-overseeing groups and different methodologies According to Baker (1993, p. 413), representatives in self-overseeing groups are not straightforwardly constrained by top administration or manager, yet just uses the worth based corporate vision gave by the top administration to direct their day by day activities. Then again, different methodologies depend on an arrangement of decides and measures that confines employees’ capacities and dynamic. A t the end of the day, these methodologies don't respect people included. The structures in different methodologies are so unbending and require all choices to be endorsed by the top chain of command, along these lines obstruct employees’ capacity to satisfy consumer’s needs immediately. Pastry specialist (1993, p. 410) clarifies how workers are entangled in a â€Å"iron cage† in bureaucratic control since control is less clear or individual. This is on the grounds that representatives are all the more profound established in the social relations. He includes that control in the bureaucratic framework is less close to home since power rests altogether with the framework, leaving representatives with what he portrays as â€Å"experts without heart† or sensualist without spirit†. In the prior bureaucratic frameworks, laborers were transparently controlled, requested, coordinated and terminated voluntarily. In any case, the current bureaucratic control utilizes circuitous standards. Right now, laborers are constrained by molding their insight into what is correct or wrong. They need to look for help for choices they make from the top chain of command. This is very much explained in the organization rules. At the end of the day, control is covered up in the organization rules and progression (Baker, 1993, p. 411). The effect of the new idea on representatives as of now been referenced, the current vote based arrangement of control gives a progressively useful option in contrast to different methodologies. This new idea is more viable than the bureaucratic control. Self-overseeing groups delegates position to the workers, which thus improves the viability of the control systems.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Baker (1993, p. 434) contends this new idea can't understand its maximum capacity except i f the different interests and elements of individuals are coordinated in a composed way. The framework must be founded on shared qualities that are authorized by individuals. Along these lines, oneself overseeing groups are more showed through cooperation with individuals. Individuals are offered power to settle on choices as long as they are in-accordance with the organization’s qualities and objectives. This makes a good workplace for representatives, in this way builds their responsibility, devotion and their eagerness to invest more energy in the interest of the association. What's more, individuals adhere to the estimations of the association and want to stay in the association (Baker, 1993, p. 435). Oneself overseeing groups additionally dispose of the low-level administrators by making representatives their own managers. As opposed to numerous people’s desires, self-overseeing groups don't liberate individuals from the â€Å"iron cage† of control as it is more showed in every single individual from the association. Rather, it draws the â€Å"iron cage† more tight and restrictions individuals all the more intensely. As such, workers don't need to malinger when the manager isn't around since the entire group is watching out for one another. Individuals from the entire group are liable for one another. In rundown, this is the best control framework. Be that as it may, it has a couple of difficulties, for example, sorting out a compelling group. What's more, individuals as a rule think that its hard to grasp new obligation. References Baker, J. R. 1993, ‘Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 38, pp. 408-437. Chester, B. 1968, The capacity of the Executive, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Edwards, R. C. 1981, The social relations of creation at the purpose of creation, Foresman: Glenview, IL. Orsburn, J. D., Moran, L., Musselwhite, E., Zen ger, J. H. 1990, Self-Directed Work Teams: The New American Challenge, Irwin: Homewood, IL.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Wellins, R. S., William, B., Wilson, J. M. 1991, Empowered Teams: Creating Self-Directed Work Groups that Improve Quality, Productivity, and Participation, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. This article on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity was composed and put together by client Matilda Flores to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Southwest Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example The most amazing thing about SA is its ease contributions for the entirety of its courses in the market. Despite its minimal effort, its administrations were astounding and flights were on time. At the point when its opponents accepted that SA will before long be bankrupt, the carrier made due as well as thrived and could increase its armadas from three planes in 1971 to more than 500 planes in 2010. It is the main vocation in the US to make steady benefits since 1973 because of its low working expense and client arranged administrations. Q. What evaluation would you give Southwest administration for the activity it has done in creating the company’s technique? Would could it be that you like or aversion about the procedure? Does Southwest have a triumphant technique? Surely, the organization merits a top evaluation for its triumphant techniques that incorporate consumer loyalty and keeping operational expenses as low as could be expected under the circumstances. No aircraft can offer such a low-charge on the entirety of its courses except if it realizes how to diminish its operational expense without influencing client administrations. It is excellent that right around 74 percent of SAs incomes are earned through appointments at its site sparing a great deal on booking operators (408). The organization utilized key speculation from the earliest starting point. For instance, utilizing Houston Hobby Airport rather than Houston Intercontinental Airport in 1972 was a vital decision and its traveler traffic outlasted the adversary aircrafts very quickly. It requires business sharpness to slice charges from $26 to $13 in a solitary stroke in 1973 on its San Antonio-Dallas trips to learn that not a solitary seat goes vacant ever (395). When Kelleher, the CEO of SA ventured down in 2001, the organization was immovably settled winning incomes of $5.6 billion and more than 30,000 representatives on its finance. Since its commencement, the organization keeps on flourishing and it's anything but a little accomplishment that in these

Macbeth Outline

Layout 1. Presentation A. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth with their disparities in sex and the way that they switch jobs in the play. B. Proposition Statement: In the play Macbeth, the two characters Lady Macbeth and Macbeth show how they have faith in sexual orientation and how these considerations are acted in their activities. As the circumstance turns out to be progressively extreme they start to fall into each other’s shoes and become what they had needed to maintain a strategic distance from. 2. Shakespeare’s see on sexual orientation and Lady Macbeth and Macbeth A. Express the character of the character of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and sexual orientation in the play.B. The significance of sex between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth in the play and how they influence one another and cause them to switch their characters and perspectives 3. Woman Macbeth overall character A. Woman Macbeth from the beginning of the play as far as possible. B. The progressions that occur with her all through the play and how they are significant. Express the contrasts between the first Act and the fifth Act and how she has become what she was attempting to maintain a strategic distance from. 4. Macbeth all in all character A. Macbeth from the beginning of the play to the endB. The progressions that occur with him all through the play and how they are significant. Express the contrasts between the first Act and the fifth Act and how he has become what he was attempting to stay away from. 5. Changes with Lady Macbeth and Macbeth A. State what these progressions are all through the play (incorporate statements and activities) B. The significance of these progressions and how they influence both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in an unexpected way. 6. Decision A. Woman Macbeth and Macbeth’s job and what they are attempting to seek after in the play.

Earth Institute Practicum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Earth Institute Practicum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the tremendous advantages of attending SIPA is the vast array of resources available through Columbia University.   There are numerous institutes and centers to learn from along with the ability to cross register for classes across the university.   Each year SIPA students take close to 700 non-SIPA courses.   This provides students with a great way to built their resume, increase their network, and learn from other world class faculty. Current SIPA student Beatriz Guillén wrote the following post on her experience with The Earth Institute. ___________________________ One of the best things at SIPA is its comprehensive course offering. You can take classes in all Columbia’s graduate faculties: at the Law school, at Teachers College, or at the Business School, for example.  Among the courses I am taking this semester there is one of special interest “The Earth Institute Practicum”, a Law school course taught by Earth Institute faculty members. Every week an expert working at the Earth Institute at Columbia teaches a class related to their field of expertise, providing a broad picture of the comprehensive work they are doing at the institute. Students are expected to read the articles posted online for each specific topic to stimulate discussion. The first class, taught by Cheryl Palm, Roseline Remans and Sean Smukler, dealt with the interrelation between food, ecology, nutrition, and health and an analysis of tropical agriculture. Other professors teaching the class this semester include  Andrew Juhl, Ajit Subramaniam, Kathy Callahan will address the Oil Disaster in the Gulf, Steven Cohen will speak on environmental management, Marc Levy on Haiti reconstruction, and Jeffrey Sachs on sustainable development.

Standing Alone Isolation and Narration in Villette and Jane Eyre - Literature Essay Samples

In Villette and Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « creates protagonists who are markedly strange and isolated people. Throughout both books, their awkwardness in society and difficulty communicating is a continuous concern. These women are also our narrators. An isolated, lonely position in the world makes the dual role of protagonist and narrator especially convincing. This character is able to stand on the outskirts of conversations and social gatherings, simultaneously observing and experiencing. A quality of mystery in the imagery and language throughout both novels gives Brontà « creative freedom in her fantastical plots. The odd psyches of the narrators create a unique, half-lit environment where the strange events in these stories seem utterly believable. Not only do their strange dispositions perfectly fit their role as observers, but they are able to taste freedom through language. Brontà « skillfully filters her tales through these voices to draw the reader into her dark worl d, shining misty light into the void where the woman who stands alone strives to define herself.There is no question that Lucy Snowe and Jane Eyre are solitary beings. This quality exists in varying forms, but with the same alienating results. As a new student at Lockwood, Jane remarks As yet I had spoken to no one, nor did anybody seem to take notion of me; I stood lonely enough; but to that feeling of isolation I was accustomed; it did no oppress me much (Jane Eyre, 59). And Lucy is well accustomed enough to solitude to describe some of its characteristics. She has experienced enough loneliness to conclude those who live in retirement, whose lives have fallen amid the seclusion of schools or of other walled-in and guarded dwellings, are liable to be suddenly and for a long while dropped out of the memory of their friends, the denizens of a freer world (Villette, 348). Both of these women lead such lives in retirement, in places that are already fairly isolated and foreign. Jane mo ves from an unfriendly home, through the hardships of a charity school, to the gated Thornfield. Lucy goes from the isolation of minding Miss Marchmont at her deathbed, to a foreign land where she initially cant even communicate, and then into the confining walls and constant surveillance of Madame Becks school.The nature of their isolation is not purely circumstantial. These woman have also fought through alienation forced upon them within such settings. Jane spends her early childhood as an outcast, actively excluded by Mrs. Reed. She is certainly affected by these years spent always suffering, always brow-beaten, always accused, for ever condemned (Jane Eyre, 22). Lucy finds herself a lone Protestant in a Catholic institution, where the students who she initially befriends eventually exclude her. In an unguarded moment, her different ideals become known and something an unseen, an indefinite, a nameless something [steals] between [her]self and these [her] best pupilsconversatio n henceforth [becomes] impracticable (Villette, 147). This form of alienation is subtle compared to the scene of her initial introduction to this world. Lucy faces her new community of students for the first time standing singularly, risen on up for examination on a teachers platform. She is not only physically separated, but tortured by [her] command of French being so limited in this moment of sixty against one (Villette, 143). Similarly, Jane is forced to stand alone on a stool in front of the entire school, her new world, in her first weeks at Lowood. Just as Lucys broken French cannot command respect, Janes new status as a proclaimed liar convinces her that she will be completely alienated with doubt that will be cast upon whatever she may say.The crucial similarity between these scenes is the triumphs of both women. They display a capacity to excel when isolated, made to face the masses alone. When Jane is mounted aloftnow exposed to general view on a pedestal of infamy, (Jan e Eyre, 78) her position transforms quickly from terror to strength. The tone of her description reveals her absolute glee in discovering this in herself: a girl came up and passed me: in passing, she lifted her eyes. What a strange light inspired them! What an extraordinary sensation that ray sent through me!I mastered the rising hysteria, lifted up my head, and took a firm stand on the stool (Jane Eyre, 78). Janes position here actually empowers her by setting her apart once she realizes that she is not misunderstood. And in the classroom, once Lucy decides that it seem[s]that one might possibly get command over this wild herd, (Villette, 143) she adeptly and confidently takes control of her classroom, and soon becomes a popular teacher despite her assumed inadequacy. Although Lucys battle is not a childhood trauma as Janes is, it occurs in the infancy of her new life and serves a similar narrative function. The importance of these outcomes so early in the stories cannot be ignore d. A reader will proceed into the narratives with a clear understanding of the simultaneous pain and strength these women have gained by facing an entire community utterly alone.The outsider nature of the two women is not only apparent when they are physically alienated, but also seems to show in many similar aspects of their reputedly strange characters. One likeness is an affinity for night, when they can be truly alone as everything around them sleeps. Lucy discovers that she is drawn to an area that after dusk [is] carefully shunned [Villette, 174] by everyone else in the school. She admits that from the first [she] was tempted to make an exception to [the] rule of avoidance: the seclusion, the very gloom of the walk attracted [her]. For a long time the fear of seeming singular scared [her] away; but by degrees, as people became accustomed to [her] and [her] habits, and to such shades of peculiarity as were engrained in [her nature][she] became a frequenter of this strait and na rrow path (Villette, 175). These walks are not the only examples of Lucys comfort in nocturnal wanderings. Her decision to embark on her travels happens during a lonely walk through still fields when [she] should have quailed in the absence of moonlight, for it [is] by the leading of stars only that [she] traced the dim path, but instead gains inspiration from some new power [the Aurora Borealis] seem[s] to bring (Villette, 104). These are two examples among many that place Lucy alone and awake in the solitude of night.Jane also searches for answers after dark. She decides to leave Lowood while [sitting] up in bed[she proceeds] to think again with all [her] might (Jane Eyre, 100). Later, she hears a phantom voice of Rochester calling to her only after All the house was stillThe one candle was dying out; the room was full of moonlight (Jane Eyre, 466). This eerie visitation is perhaps the major reason in her decision to find Rochester, the step that will permit her ultimate happiness . Her nights are often filled with strange dreams, and she confronts strange events and noises in the night (Jane Eyre, 167-171, 232) that bring her very close to discovering Rochesters secret. The nocturnal element in both characters lends an especially mysterious tone to the novels. The strange events in the attic at Thornfield occur by moonlight, in candlelit passages. And the presence of the phantom Nun in Villette, which has a serious effect on Lucys state of mind, relies on the half-light of her nocturnal wanderings. A reader cannot forget the many scenes that occur at night. They are important to the plot, and they serve as a crucial reminder of the solitude both required and endured by the narrators.It is not simply the hushed isolation of sleeplessness that associates Lucy and Jane with the night. Darkness and mystery seem to call to them, in very similar ways. Both find themselves drawn to the chaos of nature when it rages, specifically under a veil of night. At Lowood, Ja ne notices that her reaction to natures fury is quite different than the other girls. She looks outside at growing snowstorm when she realizes that she derive[s]a strange excitement, and reckless and feverish, I wished the wind to howl more wildly, the gloom to deepen to darkness, and the confusion to rise to clamour (Jane Eyre, 65). In a parallel moment, Lucy discovers the same oddity in herself: One night a thunderstorm brokeIt was wet, it was wild, it was pitch-dark. Within the dormitory they gathered round the night-lampI could not go in: Too resistless was the delight of staying with the wild hour, black and full of thunder, pealing out such an ode as language never delivered to man too terribly glorious, the spectacle of clouds, split and pierced by white and blinding bolts (Villette, 176). The connection to an environment traditionally considered eerie and frightening makes a clear point. These women are not simply unjustly excluded or excessively lonely. Even they can recog nize that they are abnormally happy in strange circumstances. They are, by nature, extraordinary people. They stand apart as inherently strange, strong women. And in most societies, certainly the ones described in these books, these are qualities that immediately label them outsiders.Jane and Lucy are not simply avoiding company because they prefer being lonely. This label of outsider is not intended to suggest that these are unfriendly or antisocial women. When left almost entirely alone during vacation at Madame Becks, Lucy complains: days and nights [grow] intolerable; a cruel sense of desolation pain[s] my mind; a feeling that would make its way, rush out, or kill meI [want] companionship, I [want] friendship, I [want] counsel (Villette, 258). And Janes distaste for loneliness is obvious when she tells St. John solitude is as bad for you as it is for me (Jane Eyre, 414). These women are not necessarily choosing to be alienated, but they are outsiders who often find themselves am ong people who dont understand them. Mrs. Reed explains the discomfort caused by [Janes] incomprehensible disposition, and her sudden starts of temper, and her continual watching of ones movements (Jane Eyre, 260). Ginevra tells Lucy she is so peculiar and so mysterious and demands to know But are you anybody?Do do tell me who you are?, (Villette, 394) displaying her inability to understand such a strange companion. And Lucys response only reminds the reader that she does not actively try to alienate others, or even necessarily comprehend why it happens. She tells Ginevra that this mystery and peculiarity [are] entirely the conception of your own brain (Villette, 394). It is true that much of the alienation experienced by Jane and Lucy is caused by the inadequate understanding of their peers. But they are also mysterious women, controlled by unique inner impulses.The nature of these impulses contributes to the outsider sensibility. In their deepest dreams and ideals, Lucy and Jane often feel a pull to rise consistently higher. This is not merely average ambition, or optimism, but an interior desire that often visits in fantastical notions and intricate visions. Lucy feels this strange drive to ascend without entirely understanding it. When she is walking home one night, and a huge storm breaks [she bends] her head to meet it: but it beat[s] her back. [Her] heart [does] not fail at all in this conflict; [she] only wishe[s] that [she] had wings and could ascend the gale, spread and repose [her] pinions on its strength, career in its course, sweep where it swept (Villette, 236). When Jane looks out of her window at Lowood, [her] eye passe[s] all other objects to rest on those most remote, the blue peaks: it was those [she longs] to surmount; all within their boundary of rock and heath seemed prison-ground (Jane Eyre, 99). Her desire for change is felt as a need to reach the top of a mountain, to actually rise upward. And Lucy long[s], achinglyfor something to f etch [her] out of [her] present existence, and lead [her] upwards and onwards, but also feels that This longing, and all of a similar kind, it [is] necessary to knock on the head (Villette, 176). This self-repression of her vision only proves that Lucys reason battles with her dreams, so she is not in control of them. This kind of longing, with its magical wings, is both poetic and heartbreaking. It shows the reader and the two women their superior aspirations, while equating those goals with impossible feats.The dream of rising above their worlds is certainly partially inspired by the lowliness of alienation. But it also comes from the feeling that they are trapped in communities that cannot understand them. Both women find themselves misunderstood when confronted with people who seem somehow essentially different, even sometimes obviously inferior to them. It seems that they both have a special kind of insight that often sets them apart from more mundane individuals. As a little g irl at Lowood, Jane is already able to recognize that she has a higher vision than other people. When she sees Helen Burns continually harassed for petty reasons, she concludes such is the imperfect nature of man! Such spots are there on the disc of the clearest planet; and eyes like Miss Scatcherds can only see those minute defects, and are blind to the full brightness of the orb (Jane Eyre, 77). Jane clearly has a sense of values beyond societys more pedestrian distinctions, petty boundaries that control characters like Mr. Brocklehurst, Mrs. Reed, and later Blanche Ingram. Rochester later confirms this superior understanding in response to something Jane has said: I mentally shake hands with you for your answerone does not often see such a manner: no, on the contrary, affectation, or coldness, or stupid, coarse-minded misapprehension of ones meaning are the usual rewards of candor. Not one in three thousand raw school-girl-governesses would have answered me as you have just done you are a cast different than the majority (Jane Eyre, 154). Even the generally humble Lucy shows that she is aware of her superiority in society. There are brief, telling moments such as I [like] Polly. It is not a declaration I have often made concerning my acquaintance, in the course of this book; the reader will bear with it for once (Villette, 461). She is willing to discriminate, just as she has been discriminated against. Although they are often lonely and alienated, Jane and Lucy do not become lowly, or compromise their natures for social comfort.The isolation of these kinds of personalities is perhaps a combination of superiority and discrimination. Whatever the reason may be, such instances are often voluntary. There are often social instances in which both characters openly admit they would rather be alone, or purposely set themselves apart among company. Lucys I lived in a house full of robust life; I might have had companions, and I chose solitude proves that she is awa re of her decisions. (Villette, 194). Even more vivid is her statement during the scene when she is drugged and wandering through the town. Her dreamlike state allows her to admit, without self-doubt: I rather [like] to find myself the silent, unknown, consequently unaccosted neighbour of the short petticoat and the sabot; the only distant gazer at the silk robe, the velvet mantle, and the plumed chapeau. Amidst so much life and joy, too, it suited me to be alone quite alone (Villette, 552). Jane also tends remove herself in the company of general society. When the guests at Thornfield socialize in the parlor, Jane makes sure to sit in the shade if any shade there be in this brilliantly lit apartment; the window-curtain half hides [her] (Jane Eyre, 197). This is a habit already associated with Jane from the opening pages of the book, when she is immediately portrayed excluding herself. She hides from the Reed family in a window seat (Jane Eyre, 15). Like Lucy, she has an innate pr eference for the solitude afforded by the outer edges of social interaction.Brontà « creates an astute observer in these solitary, but superior creatures. Their seemingly instinctive separation affords space for constant description of their surroundings, while their awkward alienation drives studied observation. Even when Lucy is among her close friends, such as the Brettons, she tends to sit and watch them converse instead of participating in their discourse. One example is a carriage ride to a concert. Lucy spends a paragraph describing what she sees and praising the beauty of the sky and stars while Dr John and his mother [are] contending animatedly with each other the whole way (Villette, 284). Here, Lucy describes the atmosphere of friendship diffused about me, (Villette, 284) a term that paints her as a solitary island even in the midst of satisfactory companionship. Janes hiding place behind a curtain in the presence of Rochesters guests is one previously given example of her preferred isolation, but it is more than socially awkward behavior. It is a lookout point, the ultimate space for a narrator to be relegated to. It is utterly believable that she is in the room, but has the unique freedom to remark upon, and simultaneously react to everything that passes before her. Jane expects to be ignored, and is aware of the inferiority of this group, to expect nothing less than practical invisibility. In fact, she appreciates that [she] might gaze without being observed (Jane Eyre, 198). In this moment, the focus of the scene moves from Janes inferior position to the new possibilities it creates. It is easy to forget that she is entirely ignored and alienated when her obvious glee in unadulterated observation becomes apparent.The satisfaction and privacy afforded by the ability to observe suggest that perhaps Jane and Lucy have developed a discreet form of freedom. There is probably nothing else that equally pleases both women and also remains utterly wit hin their control. The thrill of observation is an obvious quality in both novels. There are many moments when the narrators are among company and willingly alienate themselves for the specific purpose of close examination. At one point, Lucy becomes so taken with observation, she acts as though she is alone, despite the company of M.Paul. When Colonel de Hamal enters a room, Lucy observe[s] him for about ten minutes, describing entirely what she sees, only to realize that So much was [she] interested in his bearing, so absorbed in divining his character by his looks and movements, [she] temporarily forgot M. Paul (Villette, 281). The fact that observation is a natural priority for Lucy and also her occupation throughout the novel creates a compelling narrative. The hardships of both stories are wonderfully contrasted by any moments of pleasure or happiness. And since every moment in the narrative is an observation through the eyes of Lucy or Jane, it therefore has the power to brin g such relief. When Jane is watching from her hiding place, she admits that [her] lids [are] drawn involuntarily to [Rochesters] face: [She can] not keep their lids under control:I looked, and had an acute pleasure in looking, a precious, yet poignant pleasure; pure gold, with a steely point of agony (Jane Eyre, 198). Her ability to stand apart along with her obvious pleasure in gazing unnoticed, become a vehicle for freedom, turning her solitude into wings.It is not only the pleasure of describing that makes narration a liberating act. Lucy and Jane value the truth very highly, and often unwittingly alienate themselves by letting it reign above their self-restraint. Jane discovers this early, when she finally explodes and speaks her true feelings out loud, to Mrs. Reed. She describes the way this action makes her feel: Ere I had finished my reply, my soul began to expand, to exult, with the strangest sense of freedom, of triumph, I ever felt. It seemed as if an invisible bond had burst, and that I had struggled out into unhoped-for liberty (Jane Eyre, 47). This childhood epiphany will manifest itself in Janes frank, open manner of speaking, which is one of her most singular characteristics. She is aware of this, and able to explain that [she] could never rest in communication with strong, discreet, and refined minds, whether male or female, till [she] had passed the outworks of conventional reserve, and crossed the threshold of confidence, and won a place by their hearts very hearthstone (Jane Eyre, 418). In this statement, Jane has drawn a conscious parallel between speaking freely and fulfilling her inherent need to rise above mundane society. This is the very effect that she has as a narrator. Some of the most compelling aspects of her story are the realistic power of her honesty about self-doubt, and her open discussion of her feelings of physical inferiority.The combination of the narrators unique personalities and their liberation through truth places great importance on a companions effort to truly understand them. In a formal world where honesty is often hidden behind social constructs, Lucy and Jane are often forced to repress their true selves. Most people dont see beyond these facades. However, both Rochester and M. Paul display an uncanny ability to see through any mask the women attempt to place. The situation with the school play perfectly displays this level of insight. When Lucy realizes that a keen resolution for dramatic expression [has] revealed itself as part of [her] nature, she immediately chooses to repress this desire, as it does not fit with her social position as a looker-on at life (Villette, 211). After the event is seemingly past and forgotten, M. Paul proves that he has been striving to understand this strange woman, and met with a degree of success: He tells her I know you! I know you! Other people in this house see you pass, and think that a colourless shadow has gone by. As for my, I scrutinized your f ace alone, and it sufficed. Lucy then demands You are satisfied you understand me? And M. Pauls response proves the true glimpse he has had into her persona: Were you not gratified when you succeeded in that vaudeville? (Villette, 227). This kind of understanding has several subtle implications, beyond the simple recognition of her true self, that must flatter Lucys heart. She is rendered somewhat invisible by her solitary nature, as M. Paul remarks. Very few people seem to find her worth examination, and this desire alone suggests a superior insight on his part. He also seems well aware that she does not want to admit her happiness in the acting, which is betrayed in his Were you not? that couches the question. Although Lucy is not even necessarily appreciative of M. Pauls probing, its implications pave the way for a plausible love relationship. The simple fact that she can speak freely, masking no part of herself in his presence, is certainly a factor in her growing affection.The power of Rochesters understanding of Jane is of a different nature than M. Pauls intense curiosity and deduction. In their very first encounter (when Rochester falls off his horse), Jane recognizes this capacity for insight in him without having any idea who he is. She explains: I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination; but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in meIf even this stranger had smiled and been good-humoured to me when I addressed himI should have gone on my way and not felt any vocation to renew inquiries. But the frown, the roughness of the traveler set me at ease (Jane Eyre, 130). Jane is not simply being self-conscious in assuming she must avoid handsome gentlemen. Her further explanation of the necessity of sympathy shows that even in the casual encounters, she requires grounds for understanding. It seems parad oxical that a frown should make her comfortable, but it only highlights the unique connection between these two strange natures. This is only further displayed in the scene of formal introduction, soon after, in the parlor at Thornfield. Right away, the honest wit of their discourse signals a deep connection. At one moment, they cryptically discuss the men in green, already communicating fluently in their own strange tones. Their special understanding is made clear by the reaction of Mrs. Fairfax, who [drops] her knitting, and with raised eyebrows, seem[s] wondering what sort of talk this [is] (Jane Eyre, 139). The proof that they are on a different plane of understanding exists in the inability of surrounding ears to make sense of their strange, biting discourse. Rochester can join Jane on her pedestal of alienation, truly risen up without the taint of lonely solitude.The longing for mutual understanding is easily translated into a need for love and companionship. For two women ope nly identified as odd, solitary wanderers in life, it is a crucial element to their emotional survival. The existence of this kind of sympathy allows for the kind of relationships they have created by the end. It is M. Pauls deep understanding of Lucys desires and personality that allow him to set up her school. Not only is the place itself a stunning reflection of her tastes, but the realization of her ultimate dream finally truly lifts her up. Paul knows her well enough to give her freedom, above all. Jane is again freed through language, becoming an observer for two people. Rochester requires a set of eyes and finds Jane beyond willing to narrate the world for him. This is her final instance of freedom through description, as she is empowered by his reliance on her. Equally important is her own ability to consistently gaze at him without being seen, without the alienation of hiding in a curtain or being excluded. Despite the pain suffered in their journeys, the novels leave Jane Eyre and Lucy Snowe independent enough to remain their singular selves without the familiar pain of unhappy solitude or cruel alienation.