Hip Hop Compare and Contrast free essay sample

Beginning in the sasss among the African American and Latino people group, Hip-bounce was conceived in South Bronx, New York City. Hip bounce Is a music type that has a predictable support beat, while the beat Is playing the lyricist musically talks over the beat, which has gotten known as rapping. All through the ass and ass hip-jump picked up notoriety with significant specialists, for example, OPAC, Biggie Smalls, Dir Deer, and The Sugar Hill Gang. In the beginning of hip jump, rappers essentially talk about their battles throughout everyday life. A few on-screen characters lead to the ubiquity and wide spread of hip jump, principally the way that numerous individuals could identify with the verses. Being raised in a network where its many ages of neediness, lyricists rap about their medication use, issues with police, and their failure to leave the endless loop. A prime model would be OPAC Shakers changes. We will compose a custom article test on Hip Hop Compare and Contrast or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After some time the hip bounce Industry has changed, new school was conceived in the late ass and early backtalk until now. It shows up craftsmen and audience members have lost sight f what hip-jump initially stood for.Songs are essentially around three things, medications, cash or ladies. A couple of instances of craftsmen that have embraced this style would be Ill Wayne, Soul]a Boy and Young Jeez. Bone Thugs N Harmony was a well known old fashioned gathering, they had endeavored to make a rebound as of late with the arrival of their collection Strength and Loyalty. In any case, they kept up their past style, which the standard didn't embrace. Accordingly, the collection was not extremely fruitful and the band has tumbled to unremarkableness. As I would see it I incline toward old school hip jump as opposed to new school.It Is exceptionally clear that specialists of the more established age are more innovative than the more up to date. They rapped about an expansive scope of themes, making every craftsman sound extraordinary and one of a kind. Somewhat It Is apparent In new school hip bounce; in any case, It Is not underscored or acknowledged. Todays hip bounce comes up short on the inventiveness, as each melody is commonly about a similar theme, simply unique beat. All things considered, I stay a hip bounce fan whether it is old school or new, my inclination is obviously the previous.

In what ways and how effectively can governments facilitate the Essay

In what ways and how viably would governments be able to encourage the improvement of significant businesses and add to national intensity - Essay Example These are special exchange understanding that permits free market access to the part nations. Increment in mix understandings exhibits inspiration of the national governments (Dennis, 2002). This is a system to pick up preferred position of size in showcase a making an enormous market for the significant businesses and shielding them from outside rivalry (Hitt Ireland and Hoskisson,â 1999). Evacuation of exchange obstructions may lead the organizations to realign their hierarchical structures to concentrate on a provincial market. These mixes will keep on being building hinders in the worldwide economy. The arrangement worldwide mix like European Union changed open acquirement (Stanley Hoffman, 2002). It likewise decreased the expense of vulnerability of various monetary standards. Tesco is the UK’s driving food retailer, profits by European Union less guideline. Subsequently, it has had the option to infiltrate in a few nations inside the district. US likewise went into an exchange concurrence with Canada and Mexico, NAFTA to wipe out exchange limitations (UN, 2001). NAFTA likewise energizes improvement of foundations inside part states. Wal-Mart had the option to enter Mexico showcase in 1990, and by 2004 it turned into the biggest retail location. This has empowered the Mexico retail part to develop after the exchange progression under NAFTA. In addition, NAFTA has required outside direct interests in Mexico (Paprzycki and Fukao,â 2008). The Agreement in the Southeast Asia (ASEAN) was framed to advance multilateral financial participation inside the Pacific district (Rondinelli, Heffron and Pacific Basin Research Center, 2007). The pioneers invested in accomplishing free and open exchange the area. BYD likewise has profited by zero taxes under the unhindered commerce progression among China and ASEAN. The market frameworks are the drivers on the national monetary development and courses through which private venture

Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity

Presentation Control is the chief subject in various authoritative hypotheses and remains perhaps the primary theme that shapes every single individual’s involvement with associations (Baker, 1993, p. 409). Chester (1968, p. 17) features the noteworthiness of control. He expresses that the â€Å"key characterizing part of any association is the laborers subjection to a level that their own desire don't outperform group will of the organization†.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He adds that for people to understand their fantasies they should surrender a segment of their self-governance in the hierarchical. Because of this pressure, control is generally testing in numerous associations. Accordingly, Organizations have been provoked to set up control frameworks. The hierarchical control frameworks have significantly advanced because of changes in administrative frameworks from the tyrant bureaucratic control to consensual control looking like free gatherings or self-overseeing groups. The last is a decentralized and progressively participative libertarian framework that gives a superior option in contrast to the various leveled bureaucratic control. This arrangement of control has likewise advanced from esteem based accord to a framework that involves justified standard guidelines (Baker, 1993, p. 410). Edwards (1981) recognized three systems of control that have created from the contemporary battle to control singular exercises in associations. The principal system is the immediate, extremist and individual control chiefly utilized by entrepreneurs or recruited directors. This is normal in family-claimed organizations. The subsequent methodology is the innovative control. This procedure radiates from physical innovation. The third and the most well-known procedure is the domineering control. This methodology is gotten from various leveled connections inside the association. It is additionally founded on equal arrangements of all inclusive guidelines that reward the individuals who go along and rebuffs the individuals who don't consent. The idea of self-overseeing groups right now, the most celebrated authoritative change to post-bureaucratic structures is the development of the traditional progressive based association to consensually controlled self-overseeing groups (Baker, 1993, p. 413). Despite the fact that this idea has gotten progressively mainstream over the ongoing past, it isn't new. The supporters of this idea portray it as a principal change in the traditional administrative and various leveled structure of an association (Orsburn et al., 1990; Wellins, William Wilson, 1991). As indicated by Baker (1993, p. 413), the idea of self-overseeing groups changes the customary and dictator structure to participatory structure. This implies representatives in a self-overseeing group encounters life in an immensely unexpected manner in comparison to workers in the past system.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead of being provided arranges by those in the hierarchy of leadership, representatives in oneself overseeing groups must amass and break down data, take a shot at it and assume joint liability for their deeds. Self-overseeing groups are typically sorted out in gatherings of 10 to 15 people. The management’s obligation is to introduce esteem based objectives/vision for representatives to move in the direction of. Thus, self-overseeing colleagues are guided by these objectives to coordinate their individual errands and connection with different divisions inside the association (Baker, 1993, p. 413). Self-overseeing groups are accountable for very much explained undertakings in various types of associations. The individuals are very much prepar ed to do any activity work and have impressive capacity to settle on key choices required to execute a given errand. Notwithstanding completing their individual undertakings, individuals can likewise set their work plan, make requests and connection with different gatherings (Baker, 1993, p. 414). Other than limiting organization and sparing expenses by disposing of low-level chiefs, self-overseeing groups likewise improve laborers inspiration, efficiency and dedication (Wellins, William Wilson, 1991, p. 22). The uniqueness between self-overseeing groups and different methodologies According to Baker (1993, p. 413), representatives in self-overseeing groups are not straightforwardly constrained by top administration or manager, yet just uses the worth based corporate vision gave by the top administration to direct their day by day activities. Then again, different methodologies depend on an arrangement of decides and measures that confines employees’ capacities and dynamic. A t the end of the day, these methodologies don't respect people included. The structures in different methodologies are so unbending and require all choices to be endorsed by the top chain of command, along these lines obstruct employees’ capacity to satisfy consumer’s needs immediately. Pastry specialist (1993, p. 410) clarifies how workers are entangled in a â€Å"iron cage† in bureaucratic control since control is less clear or individual. This is on the grounds that representatives are all the more profound established in the social relations. He includes that control in the bureaucratic framework is less close to home since power rests altogether with the framework, leaving representatives with what he portrays as â€Å"experts without heart† or sensualist without spirit†. In the prior bureaucratic frameworks, laborers were transparently controlled, requested, coordinated and terminated voluntarily. In any case, the current bureaucratic control utilizes circuitous standards. Right now, laborers are constrained by molding their insight into what is correct or wrong. They need to look for help for choices they make from the top chain of command. This is very much explained in the organization rules. At the end of the day, control is covered up in the organization rules and progression (Baker, 1993, p. 411). The effect of the new idea on representatives as of now been referenced, the current vote based arrangement of control gives a progressively useful option in contrast to different methodologies. This new idea is more viable than the bureaucratic control. Self-overseeing groups delegates position to the workers, which thus improves the viability of the control systems.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Baker (1993, p. 434) contends this new idea can't understand its maximum capacity except i f the different interests and elements of individuals are coordinated in a composed way. The framework must be founded on shared qualities that are authorized by individuals. Along these lines, oneself overseeing groups are more showed through cooperation with individuals. Individuals are offered power to settle on choices as long as they are in-accordance with the organization’s qualities and objectives. This makes a good workplace for representatives, in this way builds their responsibility, devotion and their eagerness to invest more energy in the interest of the association. What's more, individuals adhere to the estimations of the association and want to stay in the association (Baker, 1993, p. 435). Oneself overseeing groups additionally dispose of the low-level administrators by making representatives their own managers. As opposed to numerous people’s desires, self-overseeing groups don't liberate individuals from the â€Å"iron cage† of control as it is more showed in every single individual from the association. Rather, it draws the â€Å"iron cage† more tight and restrictions individuals all the more intensely. As such, workers don't need to malinger when the manager isn't around since the entire group is watching out for one another. Individuals from the entire group are liable for one another. In rundown, this is the best control framework. Be that as it may, it has a couple of difficulties, for example, sorting out a compelling group. What's more, individuals as a rule think that its hard to grasp new obligation. References Baker, J. R. 1993, ‘Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 38, pp. 408-437. Chester, B. 1968, The capacity of the Executive, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Edwards, R. C. 1981, The social relations of creation at the purpose of creation, Foresman: Glenview, IL. Orsburn, J. D., Moran, L., Musselwhite, E., Zen ger, J. H. 1990, Self-Directed Work Teams: The New American Challenge, Irwin: Homewood, IL.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Wellins, R. S., William, B., Wilson, J. M. 1991, Empowered Teams: Creating Self-Directed Work Groups that Improve Quality, Productivity, and Participation, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. This article on Groups, Teams, Individual Differences and Diversity was composed and put together by client Matilda Flores to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Southwest Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example The most amazing thing about SA is its ease contributions for the entirety of its courses in the market. Despite its minimal effort, its administrations were astounding and flights were on time. At the point when its opponents accepted that SA will before long be bankrupt, the carrier made due as well as thrived and could increase its armadas from three planes in 1971 to more than 500 planes in 2010. It is the main vocation in the US to make steady benefits since 1973 because of its low working expense and client arranged administrations. Q. What evaluation would you give Southwest administration for the activity it has done in creating the company’s technique? Would could it be that you like or aversion about the procedure? Does Southwest have a triumphant technique? Surely, the organization merits a top evaluation for its triumphant techniques that incorporate consumer loyalty and keeping operational expenses as low as could be expected under the circumstances. No aircraft can offer such a low-charge on the entirety of its courses except if it realizes how to diminish its operational expense without influencing client administrations. It is excellent that right around 74 percent of SAs incomes are earned through appointments at its site sparing a great deal on booking operators (408). The organization utilized key speculation from the earliest starting point. For instance, utilizing Houston Hobby Airport rather than Houston Intercontinental Airport in 1972 was a vital decision and its traveler traffic outlasted the adversary aircrafts very quickly. It requires business sharpness to slice charges from $26 to $13 in a solitary stroke in 1973 on its San Antonio-Dallas trips to learn that not a solitary seat goes vacant ever (395). When Kelleher, the CEO of SA ventured down in 2001, the organization was immovably settled winning incomes of $5.6 billion and more than 30,000 representatives on its finance. Since its commencement, the organization keeps on flourishing and it's anything but a little accomplishment that in these

Macbeth Outline

Layout 1. Presentation A. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth with their disparities in sex and the way that they switch jobs in the play. B. Proposition Statement: In the play Macbeth, the two characters Lady Macbeth and Macbeth show how they have faith in sexual orientation and how these considerations are acted in their activities. As the circumstance turns out to be progressively extreme they start to fall into each other’s shoes and become what they had needed to maintain a strategic distance from. 2. Shakespeare’s see on sexual orientation and Lady Macbeth and Macbeth A. Express the character of the character of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and sexual orientation in the play.B. The significance of sex between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth in the play and how they influence one another and cause them to switch their characters and perspectives 3. Woman Macbeth overall character A. Woman Macbeth from the beginning of the play as far as possible. B. The progressions that occur with her all through the play and how they are significant. Express the contrasts between the first Act and the fifth Act and how she has become what she was attempting to maintain a strategic distance from. 4. Macbeth all in all character A. Macbeth from the beginning of the play to the endB. The progressions that occur with him all through the play and how they are significant. Express the contrasts between the first Act and the fifth Act and how he has become what he was attempting to stay away from. 5. Changes with Lady Macbeth and Macbeth A. State what these progressions are all through the play (incorporate statements and activities) B. The significance of these progressions and how they influence both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in an unexpected way. 6. Decision A. Woman Macbeth and Macbeth’s job and what they are attempting to seek after in the play.

Earth Institute Practicum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Earth Institute Practicum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the tremendous advantages of attending SIPA is the vast array of resources available through Columbia University.   There are numerous institutes and centers to learn from along with the ability to cross register for classes across the university.   Each year SIPA students take close to 700 non-SIPA courses.   This provides students with a great way to built their resume, increase their network, and learn from other world class faculty. Current SIPA student Beatriz Guillén wrote the following post on her experience with The Earth Institute. ___________________________ One of the best things at SIPA is its comprehensive course offering. You can take classes in all Columbia’s graduate faculties: at the Law school, at Teachers College, or at the Business School, for example.  Among the courses I am taking this semester there is one of special interest “The Earth Institute Practicum”, a Law school course taught by Earth Institute faculty members. Every week an expert working at the Earth Institute at Columbia teaches a class related to their field of expertise, providing a broad picture of the comprehensive work they are doing at the institute. Students are expected to read the articles posted online for each specific topic to stimulate discussion. The first class, taught by Cheryl Palm, Roseline Remans and Sean Smukler, dealt with the interrelation between food, ecology, nutrition, and health and an analysis of tropical agriculture. Other professors teaching the class this semester include  Andrew Juhl, Ajit Subramaniam, Kathy Callahan will address the Oil Disaster in the Gulf, Steven Cohen will speak on environmental management, Marc Levy on Haiti reconstruction, and Jeffrey Sachs on sustainable development.

Standing Alone Isolation and Narration in Villette and Jane Eyre - Literature Essay Samples

In Villette and Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « creates protagonists who are markedly strange and isolated people. Throughout both books, their awkwardness in society and difficulty communicating is a continuous concern. These women are also our narrators. An isolated, lonely position in the world makes the dual role of protagonist and narrator especially convincing. This character is able to stand on the outskirts of conversations and social gatherings, simultaneously observing and experiencing. A quality of mystery in the imagery and language throughout both novels gives Brontà « creative freedom in her fantastical plots. The odd psyches of the narrators create a unique, half-lit environment where the strange events in these stories seem utterly believable. Not only do their strange dispositions perfectly fit their role as observers, but they are able to taste freedom through language. Brontà « skillfully filters her tales through these voices to draw the reader into her dark worl d, shining misty light into the void where the woman who stands alone strives to define herself.There is no question that Lucy Snowe and Jane Eyre are solitary beings. This quality exists in varying forms, but with the same alienating results. As a new student at Lockwood, Jane remarks As yet I had spoken to no one, nor did anybody seem to take notion of me; I stood lonely enough; but to that feeling of isolation I was accustomed; it did no oppress me much (Jane Eyre, 59). And Lucy is well accustomed enough to solitude to describe some of its characteristics. She has experienced enough loneliness to conclude those who live in retirement, whose lives have fallen amid the seclusion of schools or of other walled-in and guarded dwellings, are liable to be suddenly and for a long while dropped out of the memory of their friends, the denizens of a freer world (Villette, 348). Both of these women lead such lives in retirement, in places that are already fairly isolated and foreign. Jane mo ves from an unfriendly home, through the hardships of a charity school, to the gated Thornfield. Lucy goes from the isolation of minding Miss Marchmont at her deathbed, to a foreign land where she initially cant even communicate, and then into the confining walls and constant surveillance of Madame Becks school.The nature of their isolation is not purely circumstantial. These woman have also fought through alienation forced upon them within such settings. Jane spends her early childhood as an outcast, actively excluded by Mrs. Reed. She is certainly affected by these years spent always suffering, always brow-beaten, always accused, for ever condemned (Jane Eyre, 22). Lucy finds herself a lone Protestant in a Catholic institution, where the students who she initially befriends eventually exclude her. In an unguarded moment, her different ideals become known and something an unseen, an indefinite, a nameless something [steals] between [her]self and these [her] best pupilsconversatio n henceforth [becomes] impracticable (Villette, 147). This form of alienation is subtle compared to the scene of her initial introduction to this world. Lucy faces her new community of students for the first time standing singularly, risen on up for examination on a teachers platform. She is not only physically separated, but tortured by [her] command of French being so limited in this moment of sixty against one (Villette, 143). Similarly, Jane is forced to stand alone on a stool in front of the entire school, her new world, in her first weeks at Lowood. Just as Lucys broken French cannot command respect, Janes new status as a proclaimed liar convinces her that she will be completely alienated with doubt that will be cast upon whatever she may say.The crucial similarity between these scenes is the triumphs of both women. They display a capacity to excel when isolated, made to face the masses alone. When Jane is mounted aloftnow exposed to general view on a pedestal of infamy, (Jan e Eyre, 78) her position transforms quickly from terror to strength. The tone of her description reveals her absolute glee in discovering this in herself: a girl came up and passed me: in passing, she lifted her eyes. What a strange light inspired them! What an extraordinary sensation that ray sent through me!I mastered the rising hysteria, lifted up my head, and took a firm stand on the stool (Jane Eyre, 78). Janes position here actually empowers her by setting her apart once she realizes that she is not misunderstood. And in the classroom, once Lucy decides that it seem[s]that one might possibly get command over this wild herd, (Villette, 143) she adeptly and confidently takes control of her classroom, and soon becomes a popular teacher despite her assumed inadequacy. Although Lucys battle is not a childhood trauma as Janes is, it occurs in the infancy of her new life and serves a similar narrative function. The importance of these outcomes so early in the stories cannot be ignore d. A reader will proceed into the narratives with a clear understanding of the simultaneous pain and strength these women have gained by facing an entire community utterly alone.The outsider nature of the two women is not only apparent when they are physically alienated, but also seems to show in many similar aspects of their reputedly strange characters. One likeness is an affinity for night, when they can be truly alone as everything around them sleeps. Lucy discovers that she is drawn to an area that after dusk [is] carefully shunned [Villette, 174] by everyone else in the school. She admits that from the first [she] was tempted to make an exception to [the] rule of avoidance: the seclusion, the very gloom of the walk attracted [her]. For a long time the fear of seeming singular scared [her] away; but by degrees, as people became accustomed to [her] and [her] habits, and to such shades of peculiarity as were engrained in [her nature][she] became a frequenter of this strait and na rrow path (Villette, 175). These walks are not the only examples of Lucys comfort in nocturnal wanderings. Her decision to embark on her travels happens during a lonely walk through still fields when [she] should have quailed in the absence of moonlight, for it [is] by the leading of stars only that [she] traced the dim path, but instead gains inspiration from some new power [the Aurora Borealis] seem[s] to bring (Villette, 104). These are two examples among many that place Lucy alone and awake in the solitude of night.Jane also searches for answers after dark. She decides to leave Lowood while [sitting] up in bed[she proceeds] to think again with all [her] might (Jane Eyre, 100). Later, she hears a phantom voice of Rochester calling to her only after All the house was stillThe one candle was dying out; the room was full of moonlight (Jane Eyre, 466). This eerie visitation is perhaps the major reason in her decision to find Rochester, the step that will permit her ultimate happiness . Her nights are often filled with strange dreams, and she confronts strange events and noises in the night (Jane Eyre, 167-171, 232) that bring her very close to discovering Rochesters secret. The nocturnal element in both characters lends an especially mysterious tone to the novels. The strange events in the attic at Thornfield occur by moonlight, in candlelit passages. And the presence of the phantom Nun in Villette, which has a serious effect on Lucys state of mind, relies on the half-light of her nocturnal wanderings. A reader cannot forget the many scenes that occur at night. They are important to the plot, and they serve as a crucial reminder of the solitude both required and endured by the narrators.It is not simply the hushed isolation of sleeplessness that associates Lucy and Jane with the night. Darkness and mystery seem to call to them, in very similar ways. Both find themselves drawn to the chaos of nature when it rages, specifically under a veil of night. At Lowood, Ja ne notices that her reaction to natures fury is quite different than the other girls. She looks outside at growing snowstorm when she realizes that she derive[s]a strange excitement, and reckless and feverish, I wished the wind to howl more wildly, the gloom to deepen to darkness, and the confusion to rise to clamour (Jane Eyre, 65). In a parallel moment, Lucy discovers the same oddity in herself: One night a thunderstorm brokeIt was wet, it was wild, it was pitch-dark. Within the dormitory they gathered round the night-lampI could not go in: Too resistless was the delight of staying with the wild hour, black and full of thunder, pealing out such an ode as language never delivered to man too terribly glorious, the spectacle of clouds, split and pierced by white and blinding bolts (Villette, 176). The connection to an environment traditionally considered eerie and frightening makes a clear point. These women are not simply unjustly excluded or excessively lonely. Even they can recog nize that they are abnormally happy in strange circumstances. They are, by nature, extraordinary people. They stand apart as inherently strange, strong women. And in most societies, certainly the ones described in these books, these are qualities that immediately label them outsiders.Jane and Lucy are not simply avoiding company because they prefer being lonely. This label of outsider is not intended to suggest that these are unfriendly or antisocial women. When left almost entirely alone during vacation at Madame Becks, Lucy complains: days and nights [grow] intolerable; a cruel sense of desolation pain[s] my mind; a feeling that would make its way, rush out, or kill meI [want] companionship, I [want] friendship, I [want] counsel (Villette, 258). And Janes distaste for loneliness is obvious when she tells St. John solitude is as bad for you as it is for me (Jane Eyre, 414). These women are not necessarily choosing to be alienated, but they are outsiders who often find themselves am ong people who dont understand them. Mrs. Reed explains the discomfort caused by [Janes] incomprehensible disposition, and her sudden starts of temper, and her continual watching of ones movements (Jane Eyre, 260). Ginevra tells Lucy she is so peculiar and so mysterious and demands to know But are you anybody?Do do tell me who you are?, (Villette, 394) displaying her inability to understand such a strange companion. And Lucys response only reminds the reader that she does not actively try to alienate others, or even necessarily comprehend why it happens. She tells Ginevra that this mystery and peculiarity [are] entirely the conception of your own brain (Villette, 394). It is true that much of the alienation experienced by Jane and Lucy is caused by the inadequate understanding of their peers. But they are also mysterious women, controlled by unique inner impulses.The nature of these impulses contributes to the outsider sensibility. In their deepest dreams and ideals, Lucy and Jane often feel a pull to rise consistently higher. This is not merely average ambition, or optimism, but an interior desire that often visits in fantastical notions and intricate visions. Lucy feels this strange drive to ascend without entirely understanding it. When she is walking home one night, and a huge storm breaks [she bends] her head to meet it: but it beat[s] her back. [Her] heart [does] not fail at all in this conflict; [she] only wishe[s] that [she] had wings and could ascend the gale, spread and repose [her] pinions on its strength, career in its course, sweep where it swept (Villette, 236). When Jane looks out of her window at Lowood, [her] eye passe[s] all other objects to rest on those most remote, the blue peaks: it was those [she longs] to surmount; all within their boundary of rock and heath seemed prison-ground (Jane Eyre, 99). Her desire for change is felt as a need to reach the top of a mountain, to actually rise upward. And Lucy long[s], achinglyfor something to f etch [her] out of [her] present existence, and lead [her] upwards and onwards, but also feels that This longing, and all of a similar kind, it [is] necessary to knock on the head (Villette, 176). This self-repression of her vision only proves that Lucys reason battles with her dreams, so she is not in control of them. This kind of longing, with its magical wings, is both poetic and heartbreaking. It shows the reader and the two women their superior aspirations, while equating those goals with impossible feats.The dream of rising above their worlds is certainly partially inspired by the lowliness of alienation. But it also comes from the feeling that they are trapped in communities that cannot understand them. Both women find themselves misunderstood when confronted with people who seem somehow essentially different, even sometimes obviously inferior to them. It seems that they both have a special kind of insight that often sets them apart from more mundane individuals. As a little g irl at Lowood, Jane is already able to recognize that she has a higher vision than other people. When she sees Helen Burns continually harassed for petty reasons, she concludes such is the imperfect nature of man! Such spots are there on the disc of the clearest planet; and eyes like Miss Scatcherds can only see those minute defects, and are blind to the full brightness of the orb (Jane Eyre, 77). Jane clearly has a sense of values beyond societys more pedestrian distinctions, petty boundaries that control characters like Mr. Brocklehurst, Mrs. Reed, and later Blanche Ingram. Rochester later confirms this superior understanding in response to something Jane has said: I mentally shake hands with you for your answerone does not often see such a manner: no, on the contrary, affectation, or coldness, or stupid, coarse-minded misapprehension of ones meaning are the usual rewards of candor. Not one in three thousand raw school-girl-governesses would have answered me as you have just done you are a cast different than the majority (Jane Eyre, 154). Even the generally humble Lucy shows that she is aware of her superiority in society. There are brief, telling moments such as I [like] Polly. It is not a declaration I have often made concerning my acquaintance, in the course of this book; the reader will bear with it for once (Villette, 461). She is willing to discriminate, just as she has been discriminated against. Although they are often lonely and alienated, Jane and Lucy do not become lowly, or compromise their natures for social comfort.The isolation of these kinds of personalities is perhaps a combination of superiority and discrimination. Whatever the reason may be, such instances are often voluntary. There are often social instances in which both characters openly admit they would rather be alone, or purposely set themselves apart among company. Lucys I lived in a house full of robust life; I might have had companions, and I chose solitude proves that she is awa re of her decisions. (Villette, 194). Even more vivid is her statement during the scene when she is drugged and wandering through the town. Her dreamlike state allows her to admit, without self-doubt: I rather [like] to find myself the silent, unknown, consequently unaccosted neighbour of the short petticoat and the sabot; the only distant gazer at the silk robe, the velvet mantle, and the plumed chapeau. Amidst so much life and joy, too, it suited me to be alone quite alone (Villette, 552). Jane also tends remove herself in the company of general society. When the guests at Thornfield socialize in the parlor, Jane makes sure to sit in the shade if any shade there be in this brilliantly lit apartment; the window-curtain half hides [her] (Jane Eyre, 197). This is a habit already associated with Jane from the opening pages of the book, when she is immediately portrayed excluding herself. She hides from the Reed family in a window seat (Jane Eyre, 15). Like Lucy, she has an innate pr eference for the solitude afforded by the outer edges of social interaction.Brontà « creates an astute observer in these solitary, but superior creatures. Their seemingly instinctive separation affords space for constant description of their surroundings, while their awkward alienation drives studied observation. Even when Lucy is among her close friends, such as the Brettons, she tends to sit and watch them converse instead of participating in their discourse. One example is a carriage ride to a concert. Lucy spends a paragraph describing what she sees and praising the beauty of the sky and stars while Dr John and his mother [are] contending animatedly with each other the whole way (Villette, 284). Here, Lucy describes the atmosphere of friendship diffused about me, (Villette, 284) a term that paints her as a solitary island even in the midst of satisfactory companionship. Janes hiding place behind a curtain in the presence of Rochesters guests is one previously given example of her preferred isolation, but it is more than socially awkward behavior. It is a lookout point, the ultimate space for a narrator to be relegated to. It is utterly believable that she is in the room, but has the unique freedom to remark upon, and simultaneously react to everything that passes before her. Jane expects to be ignored, and is aware of the inferiority of this group, to expect nothing less than practical invisibility. In fact, she appreciates that [she] might gaze without being observed (Jane Eyre, 198). In this moment, the focus of the scene moves from Janes inferior position to the new possibilities it creates. It is easy to forget that she is entirely ignored and alienated when her obvious glee in unadulterated observation becomes apparent.The satisfaction and privacy afforded by the ability to observe suggest that perhaps Jane and Lucy have developed a discreet form of freedom. There is probably nothing else that equally pleases both women and also remains utterly wit hin their control. The thrill of observation is an obvious quality in both novels. There are many moments when the narrators are among company and willingly alienate themselves for the specific purpose of close examination. At one point, Lucy becomes so taken with observation, she acts as though she is alone, despite the company of M.Paul. When Colonel de Hamal enters a room, Lucy observe[s] him for about ten minutes, describing entirely what she sees, only to realize that So much was [she] interested in his bearing, so absorbed in divining his character by his looks and movements, [she] temporarily forgot M. Paul (Villette, 281). The fact that observation is a natural priority for Lucy and also her occupation throughout the novel creates a compelling narrative. The hardships of both stories are wonderfully contrasted by any moments of pleasure or happiness. And since every moment in the narrative is an observation through the eyes of Lucy or Jane, it therefore has the power to brin g such relief. When Jane is watching from her hiding place, she admits that [her] lids [are] drawn involuntarily to [Rochesters] face: [She can] not keep their lids under control:I looked, and had an acute pleasure in looking, a precious, yet poignant pleasure; pure gold, with a steely point of agony (Jane Eyre, 198). Her ability to stand apart along with her obvious pleasure in gazing unnoticed, become a vehicle for freedom, turning her solitude into wings.It is not only the pleasure of describing that makes narration a liberating act. Lucy and Jane value the truth very highly, and often unwittingly alienate themselves by letting it reign above their self-restraint. Jane discovers this early, when she finally explodes and speaks her true feelings out loud, to Mrs. Reed. She describes the way this action makes her feel: Ere I had finished my reply, my soul began to expand, to exult, with the strangest sense of freedom, of triumph, I ever felt. It seemed as if an invisible bond had burst, and that I had struggled out into unhoped-for liberty (Jane Eyre, 47). This childhood epiphany will manifest itself in Janes frank, open manner of speaking, which is one of her most singular characteristics. She is aware of this, and able to explain that [she] could never rest in communication with strong, discreet, and refined minds, whether male or female, till [she] had passed the outworks of conventional reserve, and crossed the threshold of confidence, and won a place by their hearts very hearthstone (Jane Eyre, 418). In this statement, Jane has drawn a conscious parallel between speaking freely and fulfilling her inherent need to rise above mundane society. This is the very effect that she has as a narrator. Some of the most compelling aspects of her story are the realistic power of her honesty about self-doubt, and her open discussion of her feelings of physical inferiority.The combination of the narrators unique personalities and their liberation through truth places great importance on a companions effort to truly understand them. In a formal world where honesty is often hidden behind social constructs, Lucy and Jane are often forced to repress their true selves. Most people dont see beyond these facades. However, both Rochester and M. Paul display an uncanny ability to see through any mask the women attempt to place. The situation with the school play perfectly displays this level of insight. When Lucy realizes that a keen resolution for dramatic expression [has] revealed itself as part of [her] nature, she immediately chooses to repress this desire, as it does not fit with her social position as a looker-on at life (Villette, 211). After the event is seemingly past and forgotten, M. Paul proves that he has been striving to understand this strange woman, and met with a degree of success: He tells her I know you! I know you! Other people in this house see you pass, and think that a colourless shadow has gone by. As for my, I scrutinized your f ace alone, and it sufficed. Lucy then demands You are satisfied you understand me? And M. Pauls response proves the true glimpse he has had into her persona: Were you not gratified when you succeeded in that vaudeville? (Villette, 227). This kind of understanding has several subtle implications, beyond the simple recognition of her true self, that must flatter Lucys heart. She is rendered somewhat invisible by her solitary nature, as M. Paul remarks. Very few people seem to find her worth examination, and this desire alone suggests a superior insight on his part. He also seems well aware that she does not want to admit her happiness in the acting, which is betrayed in his Were you not? that couches the question. Although Lucy is not even necessarily appreciative of M. Pauls probing, its implications pave the way for a plausible love relationship. The simple fact that she can speak freely, masking no part of herself in his presence, is certainly a factor in her growing affection.The power of Rochesters understanding of Jane is of a different nature than M. Pauls intense curiosity and deduction. In their very first encounter (when Rochester falls off his horse), Jane recognizes this capacity for insight in him without having any idea who he is. She explains: I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination; but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in meIf even this stranger had smiled and been good-humoured to me when I addressed himI should have gone on my way and not felt any vocation to renew inquiries. But the frown, the roughness of the traveler set me at ease (Jane Eyre, 130). Jane is not simply being self-conscious in assuming she must avoid handsome gentlemen. Her further explanation of the necessity of sympathy shows that even in the casual encounters, she requires grounds for understanding. It seems parad oxical that a frown should make her comfortable, but it only highlights the unique connection between these two strange natures. This is only further displayed in the scene of formal introduction, soon after, in the parlor at Thornfield. Right away, the honest wit of their discourse signals a deep connection. At one moment, they cryptically discuss the men in green, already communicating fluently in their own strange tones. Their special understanding is made clear by the reaction of Mrs. Fairfax, who [drops] her knitting, and with raised eyebrows, seem[s] wondering what sort of talk this [is] (Jane Eyre, 139). The proof that they are on a different plane of understanding exists in the inability of surrounding ears to make sense of their strange, biting discourse. Rochester can join Jane on her pedestal of alienation, truly risen up without the taint of lonely solitude.The longing for mutual understanding is easily translated into a need for love and companionship. For two women ope nly identified as odd, solitary wanderers in life, it is a crucial element to their emotional survival. The existence of this kind of sympathy allows for the kind of relationships they have created by the end. It is M. Pauls deep understanding of Lucys desires and personality that allow him to set up her school. Not only is the place itself a stunning reflection of her tastes, but the realization of her ultimate dream finally truly lifts her up. Paul knows her well enough to give her freedom, above all. Jane is again freed through language, becoming an observer for two people. Rochester requires a set of eyes and finds Jane beyond willing to narrate the world for him. This is her final instance of freedom through description, as she is empowered by his reliance on her. Equally important is her own ability to consistently gaze at him without being seen, without the alienation of hiding in a curtain or being excluded. Despite the pain suffered in their journeys, the novels leave Jane Eyre and Lucy Snowe independent enough to remain their singular selves without the familiar pain of unhappy solitude or cruel alienation.

Blindness And Invisibility The Invisible Man - 1401 Words

Blindness and invisibility are the two concepts that are discussed regardless of racism and the position one tends to manage between individuality and community. In Ellison’s The Invisible Man , he not only show the oppression of the whites over the blacks as superiors in which makes the black people invisible, but also the black’s blindness to revolve against his marginal state and his incapability to conceiving whites as individuals. Being blind of invisible is not only based on the way which whites treat the blacks, but also how blacks consider whites and themselves. The concepts of blindness and invisibility imbue a very important role in the struggle of the story. Ellison not only represents these motifs by the characters’ actions and thoughts, but also tries to delineate blindness and invisibility in an illustrative way through metaphors, symbols and much more. Ellison shows the connection between blindness and invisibility through the situation of indiv idual’s identity is being denied as well as the denial of being individual beings. During the battle royal, the boys were being blindfolded with white cloth to resemble the idea of blindness and invisibility. Being blindfolded, the boys are not able to recognizing their humiliation. While the whites are entertained by the boys fight against each other and struggle to get the money. Ellison deliberates different kinds of blindness; the literal blindness with the white colored cloths over their eyes as well as theShow MoreRelatedInvisible Man1629 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2017 Invisible Man: Impact of Invisibility and Blindness on Individual identity The themes of blindness and invisibility are evident throughout the novel. The society is blind to the behavior and characteristics of the narrator. 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Pizza USA An Exercise in Translating Customer Requirements into Process Design - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2324 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This case involves Pizza USA, a small independent chain restaurant operation that offers both dine-in and carry-out services for customers that has received feedback for a potential change that will require the implementation of design process to add services. Currently, customers have indicated that they are pleased with the food offered by the restaurant but they would increase pizza purchases if a delivery service was available. This dilemma ties into two separate issues. First, in order to remain competitive within the industry, customer wants and preferences need to be heard. After all, if you cannot please your customer base, you will lose them. Secondly, the changes required must be done in a manner that combines data gathering and analysis and implementation of a plan that best suites this particular type of business in order to maximize success. Customer service has been a recurring theme in many discussions regarding business operations and management in recent weeks. The prevailing thought is that in order for your business to grow and be successful, you must identify what your customers want and find a way to deliver it. This paper will analyze and discuss how process design can be implemented to assist this business to achieve its goals. Within the process design analysis and discussion, several factors will be reviewed to include: identification of what customer satisfaction means to the business and how we can identify the things that are most valuable to customers, the potential net yield of achieving a high level of customer satisfaction and efficiency, and the characteristic of developing an efficient pizza delivery (from stove to door) system. The paper will also assess creation of market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“advantagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to not only maintainbut grow the customer base. Pizza USA: An Exercise in Translating Customer Requirements into Process Design In the last five years leading up to 2012, the Pizza Restauran ts industry has experienced the results of a downturn in economy. Restaurants have been directly affected by changing market conditions such as changes in intense competition, decreasing consumer spending and an increase in overall health consciousness (Kalnins, A., Mayer, K., 2004). However, despite such overwhelming odds and challenges, businesses were able to overcome economic hard times by reinventing themselves through creative marketing and adjusting their menuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to adapt to customers preferences (Kelso, 2012). This allowed the industry to recover effectively and consumer spending and market growth returned in 2010. As more consumers returned to the restaurants, overall demand increased. The U.S. Pizza industry averages about 410 million pizzas per year (Kelso, 2012). In 2012 alone, pizza sales are expected to reach an incredible $36.1 billion in revenue which is a 3.8 percent increase from the previous year (Kelso, 2012). This growth is expected to continue at a rate of 2.9 percent per year through 2017. Based on gathered data, 97 percent of U.S. consumers have ordered food from a pizza restaurant or establishment within the past 12 months (Kelso, 2012). No matter how you look at it, pizza consumption is on the rise and creates an exceptional opportunity for success in this industry. According to Gregory Badishkanian, a CITI Analyst, the big three of the pizza industry: Pizza Hut, Dominoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, and Papa Johns are currently in position to increase market share. (Bloomberg, 2012). Although the big three comprise of 30% of the total pizza market, the remaining 70% comprise largely of other large chains with less market coverage and of course the smaller independent chains (Kelso, 2012). While the larger chains are improving profits independent chains are struggling to stay afloat amidst the fierce competition among the larger more established companies such as the big three (Kelso, 2012). Understanding this dilemma, it would be most prudent for any independent restaurant operator to maximize operations by insuring that internal process design enables not only efficient productivity butgenerates a process that is customer friendly and focused on customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs and preferences (Kalnins, A., Mayer, K., 2004). This would be critical in the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ability to survive in such a monopolistic type market. Successful operation within a smaller independent chain restaurant faces challenges that may not be as apparent to a larger and more established national chains. Pizza USA is a small chain operation that currently provides two services: dine-in and carry-out options. Customers have commented that if delivery services were added to the restaurant offerings, they would potentially buy more pizzas (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Based on this information, it is apparent that the owner needs to assess his business operations and consider a process design that would include adding this service to current operations. The addition of delivery services would potentially require additional capital to finance changes and may involve the hiring of additional staff. However, revenue increases as a result of the added service would off-set the costs associated with these additions. Near and long-term implications would include survivability within such a competitive market. As a customer, the primary focus of my satisfaction with this type of business relates primarily to efficiency and the level of customer service provided. If delivery service was provided, the two areas that would be most prevalent in my mind would be the delivery time and the state of the pizza once received. Far too often, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve received delivered food that was warm and in some cases cold. Needless to say, I never contacted that restaurant again. The thing that would create a unique experience would be the restaurantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to not only deliver within an exceptiona l time period but also to provide a pizza that is piping hot as it would be while dining in. Another aspect would be an incentive to order delivery by way of discounting or some type of rewards service. These are experiences that have not been typical in my experience with pizza deliveries. Method The perceived situational analysis are as follows: Strengths-Due to the smaller nature of the business, It could potentially create a more personal experience for the customers thus increasing customer satisfaction; Weaknesses-As a smaller business entity, they have less resources and limited options in implementing changes to meet customer demands. Also, thebusiness would be less tolerant of negative impacts that may result from changes compared to larger established chains with additional resources available; Opportunities-A stronger customer relationship tends to allow more flexibility due to stronger loyalty among satisfied customers. Loyal customers are willing to wait changes out rather than making an initial determination and moving on to another business; Threats-The primary threats are of course the larger and more established chains such as the big three. Again, due to resourcing issues, these smaller and independent operations have less flexibility and opportunity if changes become less than desirable. The primary causes and effects are business survivability and customer satisfaction. Although these two areas are mentioned separately, they are in fact one. If changes are not made to meet customer needs and preferences, the business risks losing clientele and eventual closure. The term customer loyalty has been described as a process of capturing how well an organization is performing in three critical market measures: customer retention, share of wallet, and price sensitivity relative to competitors (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Studies have shown that customer loyalty relates directly to business success and survivability. There exists a major distinction be tween product design from the userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s standpoint from what may have been intended by the manufacturer (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The main difference deals primarily with the intended versus perceived usefulness of a given product. In short, if the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s input is not considered, product or process design could potentially be a major waste of time on the from end of the planning cycle with even a worse outcome once in the market. Table-1 below indicates quick-serve satisfaction rates among the top companies in the market to include the big three (Verma, R., Thompson, G., 1999). As you can see, each of the larger chains has high overall scores in customer satisfaction. Albeit, this is only one of many areas that could potentially be assessed. The independent chains can learn something from this data. The large chains didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t survive the market and become who they are today without success in this particular area (Verma, R., Thompson, G., 1999). Table-1 Although the case situation described is consistent with most other business operations, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“what can be done to be more profitable?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  it is unique in itselfdue the detail andlevel of changes discussed. There are probably 100 areas that could be looked at that deals with efficiency and customer satisfaction. However, for the purpose of this paper we will only analyze the above mentioned areas. If assessing profitability and customer satisfaction is an everyday occurrence, which is the case in most businesses, then this case could most certainly be considered as a preexisting situation. However, this paper has little to do with assessing a documented loss in profits or revenue streams so the evolution is unknown at best. There are many course concepts that can be applied to understand this situation. However the two most prevalent areas of operations philosophy that comes to mind are: Chapter 3-Product and Service Design and Chapter 5-Pr ocess Analysis. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in chapter 3 discusses the process of getting the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  involved in design specifications (Jacobs Chase, 2011). This concept and application relates to any and all industries and organizations. It is directly related a process of studying and listening to customers to improve upon a product or service (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Measuring Process Performance in Chapter 5 primarily deals with how well a particular process is performing. This is accomplished by assessing many different types of metrics such as: productivity, efficiency, flow time, throughput, and value added time to name a few (Jacobs Chase, 2011). In order to adequately analyze whether your operation is running efficiently, a system of measurement is required to assess the performance. Results/Discussion The problem of addressing the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs and preferences are easily solved. Immediat ely implement planning to accommodate your customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ request for the added feature of delivery service. Consider the most efficient manner of transition to minimize disruption to current business operations while planning the change. Insure that additional feedback is solicited and gathered from customers to re-validate the need to add the additional service and proceed with design process reviews and analysis to achieve goals. This satisfies the earlier discussion regarding identification of what the customer really wants and prefers. The task of developing and implementing the plan is what is the most difficult. Recommend that the owner begins with data gathering methods such as GAP Analysis. This method is used to assess the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance relative to the expectations of its customers (Jacobs Chase, 2011). An additional form of Gap Analysis includes the benchmarking of certain industry standards and measures the business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹ Å"performance against established standards within the industry (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Questions to be asked would be: What are other smaller independent chains offering? Is delivery service a value added service or just a waste of money? What are the industry standards in regards to delivery times and what is considered acceptable to customers? Do have the resources to provide that type of service or will it require additional equipment, supplies, vehicles and staff? This will allow the owner to see where his restaurant is versus where he wants to be. Moreover, this would be an ideal tool to gather additional information from Customers to obtain additional feedback. It can be accomplished in many ways such as through paper or email mailers and in store surveys. The method selected would primarily depend on the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s available resources and preferences and of course size of targeted population The follow-on recommendation is to conduct a cost impact and payoff analysis using a decision tree or what some would call a consequence diagram. This process allows the planner to map out several alternatives with different end results to assess risk (Jacobs Chase, 2011). In essence it is a risk matrix. When planning or considering restaurant equipment purchases or even additional staff hires, this process could be beneficial in assessing the risks involved with each decision (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Table-2 is a representation of a typical decision tree used to make informed decisions. As you can see, it is a process of identifying the problem (or situation) and working through several COAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to determine what works best for you. Table-2 Implementation is the next step. I would recommend the utilization of responsibility charts to organize and manage tasks. Again, this particular tool is a type of matrix that lists all the projects and tasks to be completed while identifying certain responsible parties or stakeholders (Jacobs Ch ase, 2011). In such a small business environment, it wouldprobably be most beneficial for the owner to get all staff involved with the design process to obtain full buy-in. this can be accomplished through the use of this tool. Of all the steps involved with planning and execution, this is probably the most labor intensive due to the potential resourcing required. After plans are implemented, the owner needs to assess the customer reactions to the added service. Anticipating a given response and getting the actual response are sometimes two different things. Again, the same process used during the Gap Analysis can be used to capture post-implementation feedback from customers (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The bottom line is that as a small business, you more reliant on customer loyalty than larger chains and operations. As a result, you must pay attention to any feedback received regarding your products and services, In this case weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re talking about pizzas but it applie s in many other situations and industries as well. Once the feedback id obtained develop a smart and affordable plan and implement the plan. Once you have transitioned fully into your new plan, solicit additional feedback from customers to see how things are going. You may find other areas of your business operations that require attention. Customer feedback has to be a part of your daily operations. Without it, your business is at serious risk. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pizza USA: An Exercise in Translating Customer Requirements into Process Design" essay for you Create order

Hunting for Witches in the Family Tree

Whether your ancestor was actually a practicing witch, or someone accused of or involved with witchcraft or witch hunting, it can add a touch of interest to your family history. Of course, were not talking about the witches we think of today - the black pointy hat, the warty nose, and the ragged broomstick. Most women, and men, who were accused of witchcraft, were feared for their nonconformist ways more than anything else. It can still be fun to claim a witch in the family tree. Witchcraft in Europe Colonial America Talk of witches often brings the famous Salem Witch Trials to mind, but punishment for practicing witchcraft was not unique to colonial Massachusetts. A strong fear of witchcraft was prevalent in 15th century Europe where strict laws against witchcraft were put into effect. It is estimated that around 1,000 people were hanged as witches in England over a 200-year period. The last documented case of an individual found guilty of the crime of witchcraft was Jane Wenham, charged with â€Å"conversing familiarly with the Devil in the shape of a cat  in 1712. She was reprieved. The largest group of convicted witches in England were nine Lancashire witches sent to the gallows in 1612, and nineteen witches hanged at Chelmsford in 1645. Between 1610 and 1840, it is estimated that over 26,000 accused witches were burned at the stake in Germany. Between three and five thousand witches were executed in 16th and 17th century Scotland. The anti-witchcraft sentiment that had been growing in England and Europe undoubtedly had an impact on the Puritans in America, ultimately leading to the witch craze and subsequent Salem Witch Trials Resources for Researching the Salem Witch Trials Salem Witch Trials - Documentary Archive Transcription ProjectThe Salem Witchcraft Papers from the University of Virginias Electronic Text Institute provide a wealth of primary source documents, including a verbatim transcript of the legal documents generated during the arrests, trials, and deaths of the accused Salem witches in 1692. The site also includes site lists of jurors, Puritan ministers, judges, defenders and others involved in the Salem Witch Trials, plus historical maps.The Associated Daughters of Early American WitchesA membership society geared toward preserving the names of those accused of witchery in Colonial America prior to 1699 and to locate living female descendants of those witches. Contains a comprehensive list of accused witches.Genealogy of Witch Trial Ancestors FamiliesGenealogy reports for six of the individuals involved in the infamous Salem Witch Trials, including accused witches and officials involved in the trials. Researching Witch Trials the Witch Craze in Europe The Witch Hunts (1400-1800)Maintained by Professor Brian Pavlac at Kings College in Wilkes Barre, PA, this site examines the European witch craze through timelines and discussion of common theories, errors, and myths behind the Witch Hunts. You can also suffer through witch hunting first hand in an interesting simulation of a 1628 witch hunt.​Survey of Scottish Witchcraft 1563 - 1736An interactive database contains all individuals known to have been accused of witchcraft in early modern Scotland - nearly 4,000 in total. Supporting material provides background information on the database and an introduction to Scottish witchcraft. References Gibbons, Jenny. Recent Developments in the Study of the Great European Witch Hunt. Pomegranate, Vol. 5, 1998.History of the witch hunt (Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung). Maintained by the Server Frà ¼he Neuzeit (University of Mà ¼nchen) in cooperation with the Arbeitskreis fà ¼r Interdisziplinà ¤re Hexenforschung (research group for interdisciplinary witchcraft research). Mainly in German.Zguta, Russell. Witchcraft Trials in Seventeenth-Century Russia The American Historical Review, Vol. 82, No. 5, Dec. 1977, pp. 1187-1207.

Grapes of Wrath and of Mice and Men Character Study

Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men: Character Study The American Novelist, John Steinbeck was a powerful writer of dramatic stories about good versus bad. His own views on writing were that not only should a writer make the story sound good but also the story written should teach a lesson. In fact, Steinbeck focused many of his novels, not on average literary themes rather he tended to relay messages about the many hard truths of life in The United States. Upon winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962 the Swedish academy introduced him by saying He had no mind to be an unoffending comforter and entertainer. Instead, the topics he chose were serious and denunciatoryÂ… This serious focus was not exempt from his two works The Grapes†¦show more content†¦In Of mice and Men the boss and his son Curley are portrayed as the bad guys. Note: This is only my introduction unfortunately due to some extenuating circumstances I have not had enough time to do a complete rough draft. My plan is to characterize the characters in light of Steinbeck s bias portrayals and illustrate how the technique he used was effective in getting his point across. My next four points or paragraphs will be: 1.) Description of Tom Joad how he was bad yet good in the sense that his actions were bad but his cause was for the better. 2.) Description of Ma and the preacher, how they were characterized out of their traditional roles and how their straying form the norm was justified and helped relay to the reader the desperation of the family s situation. 3.) The roles of Lennie and George, how they were outcasts and Lennie killed a women yet the reader felt sorry for them both because they were on the opposite side of a greater injustice. 4.) Portrait of the rich and powerful. How Steinbeck s ignorance of not giving them names proved he did not like them. Every time they came up in the story they were doing something bad. And my conclusion. Hopefully I will get a chance to see you today, I have third period prep so I will look for you and we could chat. Thanx. Max Raffoul ENG OAC March 3, 1997 Mr.Show MoreRelatedAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with migrant labor camps, and even traveled with migrants in Hooverville’s to observe conditions of camps. Steinbeck devoted himself to writing his famous works such as; Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, Tortilla Flat, and Cannery Row. Some of Steinbeck’s pieces like Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath were such hits they were made into movies. Before Steinbeck’s death on December 20th, 1968 he was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1962, National book award, and Pulitzer PrizeRead MoreJohn Steinbecks use of Realism, Characterization, and Dreams in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2450 Words   |  10 Pagesthis nineteenth century literary style also creates great feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be made known to the public. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships people went through and also the harsh conditions of their situations. The characters in both of these novels play and important role in personalizing the occurring events forRead MoreEssay about The Life Journey of John Steinbeck 1264 Words   |  6 Pagescollege Steinbeck took many odd jobs such as a ranch hand, fruit picker, factory worker, sales clerk, freelance news paper writer, construction worker, and farm laborer. These odd jobs that Steinbeck took later would become the influence for his characters and themes in his novels. Steinbeck yearned for more life experiences, so instead of taking a degree at Stanford he dropped out of college, worked, and wrote. His passion was writing all along. â€Å"Writing was indeed his passion, not only duringRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 2778 Words   |  12 PagesCisneros Mr. Thomas AP Literature 15 October 2014 Author Study: John Steinbeck John Steinbeck, born in February 27, 1902, worked as a manual labor worker before achieving his success as a well renowned American writer. A compassionate understanding of the world s disinherited was to be Steinbeck s hallmark. The novel In Dubious Battle (1936) defends striking migrant agricultural workers in the California fields. In the novel Of Mice and Men(1937; later made into a play), Steinbeck again utilizesRead More Skill and Craftsmanship in the Works of Steinbeck Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesSkill and Craftsmanship in the Works of Steinbeck      Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout Cannery Row, Of Mice and Men, The Red Pony and The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck professes his admiration for the man who displays skill and craftsmanship in his work. A man who does his job exceedingly well is, by extension in Steinbecks works, a hero who is satisfied in doing his best in affection for his craft - a direct contrast to the multitude of humans who are merely unsuccessful and unhappy dreamers.   Ã‚  Ã‚   TheRead MoreThemes And Styles Of John Steinbeck s The 4033 Words   |  17 Pagesmajority of his childhood there and readers learn about his home city and childhood in his works. Steinbeck wrote novels, non-fiction books, short stories, poetry, and plays. Some of his most impactful and recognized works include: Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, The Pearl, The Moon is Down, East of Eden, In Dubious Battle, and Tortilla Flat. He was an investigative journalist who worked for the San Francisco News during his lifetime. He was a very controversial writer whose goal was to reformRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1319 Words   |  6 PagesBryann Cervantes AP English IV Mrs. Batey Of Mice and Men To most, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a revered novel on racial segregation in the United States. This text has been remarkably controversial because of the way it deals with difficult issues regarding race and the American dream; however, despite its disputable history, it is an incredibly important book that is used to study many aspects of race relations in the United States in the early to mid twentieth century, more specificallyRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1644 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, George Milton and Lennie Small, two exiled migrant ranch workersRead More John Steinbeck Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesand encouraged him to continue with his writing. Throughout high school, John spent most of his free time writing stories in his room. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John graduated from HS in 1919 and then went to Stanford University. John wanted to study to be a writer, but his mother wanted him to be something practical, like a lawyer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While attending Stanford University, John Steinbeck decided that a degree was of no use to a writer. Instead, he studied the things thatRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1119 Words   |  5 Pagesattending Stanford University to study English Literature and failing to obtain a degree, Steinbeck moved to New York City and jumped between odd jobs and writing. With no luck in becoming published, he moved back to California, where he spent the rest of his life. As the author of novels, both fiction and nonfiction, along with collections of short stories, Steinbeck can definitely be recognized as a true classic author. His most noteworthy novel, The Grapes of Wrath, rightfully claims both the Pulitzer

Life Plan Free Essays

In this essay I am suppose to explain what the plans for my life are, how I plan on achieving them and the problems I might face. If you have a goal it gives you a clear focus on things. It also helps you to organize your plans by letting you set time limits and boundaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think if you plan on achieving things in life then you have to set goals. After high school there are many things I want to do and accomplish in my life. My goals probably aren’t different from most kids, but it will take a lot of hard work to get where I want to be. I have many goals, but to accomplish these goals I will probably have many things that could get in the way. The reason I need to set goals is to make sure that I don’t fall behind in life and not achieve my dreams. Last summer I was into some bad things that really messed up my life. Luckily, I was assigned to Youth Court to help me through this. Youth Court is helping teach me the importance of goals because of the way it is set up. I have a 6 month sentence. During this time I have to complete certain goals. Writing this life plan is one goal, an apology letter due the 1st month, a shoplifting class the 2nd month, and a jail tour another month. I have jury duty the first Thursday of every month, I have to phone in weekly, I have to attend school regularly, stay out of trouble, obey my parents, obey 10:00 pm curfew, and complete 40 hours of community service by the end of the 6 month period. If all of this is not complete then I will not reach my goal of having my offense taken off my records. The way Youth Court is set up is to do a little each month until you can complete your goal. If I do the required stuff every month then by the time the 6 months is over I will have completed everything I needed to do in order in graduate from Youth Court and have my offense taken off my record. Even though I haven’t finished setting my goals, I already have some. Two of the most important are to be happy and successful, even if I haven’t started out so well. One goal I have is to get my drivers license, I have already finished my classroom training. I have just taken my written test and I now I my permit. I will have my permit for 6 months before I can get my license. I still need to complete my drivers training class which I am already signed up for. This is an important goal for me because I will need a license to drive. This leads to a goal I am trying to achieve and that is finding a job. I am starting to look for an after school/weekend job to save money to buy a car and for gas money. Another goal I have is to graduate from high school in 2 ? years. I have problems in school because I have learning disabilities, including ADHD. I am also in Special Education classes. I need to work hard every day so I can keep my grades up. I think the most important value that will make me successful is determination. In order to be successful in my life I have to stick with it. While you can be happy achieving something it can take a lot of effort. There can be many mistakes and setbacks, I already know about some of those. Another goal I have is to become an x-ray technician. How to cite Life Plan, Essays

Wilfred Owen Powerful Emotions Need Powerful Language Essay Example For Students

Wilfred Owen: Powerful Emotions Need Powerful Language Essay In this essay I will explore how Wilfred Owen expresses powerful emotions through powerful language in his war poetry. I will focus on the three poems Dulce et Decorum est, Anthem for Doomed Youth and Parable of the Old Man and the Young. Wilfred Owen grew up in England and moved to France as a young adult where he taught English. The First World War broke out when he was still in France and, along with thousands of other young men, he joined the army with a feeling of duty towards his country. It was not long before he found out the terrible realities of war, which inspired him to write his anti war poetry, to communicate his feelings to the governments and stay at home war enthusiasts, and to warn children ardent for some desperate glory what it is really like to go to war. After suffering shell shock, Owen was sent to Craiglockhheart hospital for treatment. This is where he wrote Dulce et Decorum est. Dulce et Decorum est describes a gas attack on a group of tired and wounded soldiers that are making their way back to their post after an exhausting day in the trenches. One man fails to fit his gas mask in time and dies, drowning on his own internal fluids. It is an attack on the suggestion that it is sweet and honourable to die for your country, directly aimed at Jessie Pope, who wrote war propaganda. She is addressed sarcastically in the last stanza as My friend. The message of this poem is clear; if the people back home saw in some smothering dream this scene, they would not think it sweet and honourable to die for your country. Owens point is put across strongly in this poem by the sheer horror of the soldiers death, which is described in gory detail. The descriptions are generally brought to life with the texture of words and grizzly sensual imagery such as cursed through sludge, the blood come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs and floundering like a man in fire or lime. The first line uses a simile, comparing the men with old beggars under sacks, and continues in the second line, coughing like hags. Along with the sensual imagery, Bent double, knock-kneed and we cursed through sludge, a feeling of the mens fragile agony is conjured. In line three the flares are personified as haunting. This gives the reader an insight of the dim, ever present fear at the back of the mens hearts. They now begin to trudge towards their distant rest, words which fill the reader with the despair felt in the face of the painfully slow journey to base. The second half of the first stanza further impacts the suffering of the men, blood shod drink with fatigue deaf even to the hoots of comrades that dropped behind. The word comrade is replaced in the poem with Five-Nines, showing how people are de-humanised in war. It feels like it couldnt get worse, but the grim, sombre atmosphere of the first stanza is dramatically changed in the second to an ecstasy of panic; Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! The phrase clumsy helmets shows Owens anger at the quality of life-saving equipment in the First World War. Owen compares the mist of being in the gas as under a green sea. The man who is yelling out and stumbling is drowning as though the green sea were real. Owens choice to write in the first person is bought into full power in the short third stanza, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. Instead of this being in the battlefield it is In all my dreams, showing how the memory is ever haunting. This also explains why Owen had begun to create a dreamy atmosphere in the previous lines: Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light. Poetry Argumentative EssayAnthem for Doomed Youth gives its powerful message to stay at home war enthusiasts by the sheer bitter irony and pathos of the comparisons. In The Parable of the Old Man and the Young, Owen uses another technique to convey his message with power. Abraham has prepared to kill his son as a sacrifice for God, yet at the last second an angel appears from heaven and says that he can kill the ram of pride instead. Abraham favours the ram of pride and kills his son Isaac and half the seed of Europe instead. This is a blatant take on the story from the bible of Abraham; the difference being that in Owens version Abraham kills Isaac. Owen makes reference to the sonnet tradition in this poem, but this time the twist is in the form itself. It is a sixteen line poem and the only gap is between the fourteenth and fifteenth line, clearly defining the correct sonnet form the two extra erroneous lines. Abraham slew his son in the last two lines, which symbolises how the story is fundamentally flawed. The language is biblical, which gives the poem an authority because the church is a powerful organisation. Using and a lot as well as words like clave, spake, slew and phrasing like and as they sojourned both of them together, and lo and the old man would not so emphasises the comparison with the biblical version. The parable is metaphoric, and each component in the poem represents something. Abraham symbolises the authorities and those with power over the majority. Isaac represents the young people of Europe, the future hope, the seed. The knife is symbolic of the power to destroy whether it is pride or a generation of young. The angel represents the ability of man to choose, his faculty of reason or his conscience. The ram of pride of course symbolises the pride and arrogance of the authorities and nations. Instead of building an altar Abraham builded parapet and trenches there. The fundamental flaw of Abraham in The Parable (symbolised in the structure) is symbolic of the breaking and ignoring of ancient wisdom. When Abraham is proved to be faithful and the angel announces lay not thy hand upon the lad, we are filled with hope, giving the last two lines a bitter bathos. The message of this poem is that our society has not learned from past mistakes and ignores ancient teachings of wisdom. The power of this message lies in tragic metaphors. It is clear from his poetry that Owen feels disgusted by humanitys atrocities, and by those who create and promote them. He also feels great pity and compassion for the suffering that is caused by war. In these three poems structure plays and important role. In Dulce the confused and broken up stanzas obliterate conventional forms and are symbolic of the contorted, deranged scene of human cruelty they describe and the poems revolutionary anti-establishment message. Anthem fills the conventional sonnet form with unexpected comparisons that create a tone of bitter irony and resentment towards the authorities as well as bitter sadness. The Parable splits from the sonnet form in the last two lines, showing the arrogance of the establishment and their deliberate ignorance of ancient wisdom. Wilfred Owen skilfully crafts language, form and symbolism in these three poems. His emotions about war are powerfully expressed in his work and communicate a message that demands the readers empathy. Nothing (apart form circumstances) has changed since Owens day and his message is still fully valid as an urgent wake-up call for humanity.

Of Boldness Essay Example For Students

Of Boldness Essay It is a trivial grammar-school text, but yet worthy a wise mans consideration. Question was asked of Demosthenes, what was the chief part of an orator? he answered, action: what next? action: what next again? action. He said it, that knew it best, and had, by nature, himself no advantage in that he commended. A strange thing, that that of an orator, which is but superficial and rather the virtue of a player, should be placed so high, above those other noble parts, of invention, elocution, and the rest; nay, almost alone, as if it were all in all. But the reason is plain. There is in human nature generally, more of the fool than of the wise; and therefore those faculties, by which the foolish part of mens minds is taken, are most potent. Wonderful like is the case of boldness in civil business: what first? boldness: what second and third? boldness. And yet boldness is a child of ignorance and baseness, far inferior to other parts. But nevertheless it doth fascinate, and bind hand and foot, those that are either shallow in judgment, or weak in courage, which are the greatest part; yea and prevaileth with wise men at weak times. Therefore we see it hath done wonders, in popular states; but with senates, and princes less; and more ever upon the first entrance of bold persons into action, than soon after; for boldness is an ill keeper of promise. Surely, as there are mountebanks for the natural body, so are there mountebanks for the politic body; men that undertake great cures, and perhaps have been lucky, in two or three experiments, but want the grounds of science, and therefore cannot hold out. Nay, you shall see a bold fellow many times do Mahomets miracle. Mahomet made the people believe that he would call an hill to him, and from the top of it offer up his prayers, for the observers of his law. The people assembled; Mahomet called the hill to come to him, again and again; and when the hill stood still, he was never a whit abashed, but said, If the hill will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet, will go to the hill. So these men, when they have promised great matters, and failed most shamefully, yet if they have the perfection of boldness they will but slight it over, and make a turn, and no more ado. Certainly to men of great judgment, bold persons are a sport to behold; nay, and to the vulgar also, boldness has somewhat of the ridiculous. For if absurdity be the subject of laughter, doubt you not but great boldness is seldom without some absurdity. Especially it is a sport to see, when a bold fellow is out of countenance; for that puts his face into a most shrunken, and wooden posture; as needs it must; for in bashfulness, the spirits do a little go and come; but with bold men, upon like occasion, they stand at a stay; like a stale at chess, where it is no mate, but yet the game cannot stir. But this last were fitter for a satire than for a serious observation. This is well to be weighed; that boldness is ever blind; for it seeth not danger, and inconveniences. Therefore it is ill in counsel, good in execution; so that the right use of bold persons is, that they never command in chief, but be seconds, and under the direction of others. For in counsel, it is good to see dangers; and in execution, not to see them, except they be very great.

Effects of Media Reporting on History The Senkaku Islands Dispute

Introduction In the contemporary world, the media has become an important tool not only in communication, but also in the development of human history. Historiography is currently a product of media influence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Media Reporting on History: The Senkaku Islands Dispute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that historiography is an ongoing process that incorporates both facts and viewpoints of the media. Since the media has become the most important tool in providing information to the public, it equally adds some meaning relevant to the validity of a historical event. Although the theoretical purpose of the media is to present an event or fact â€Å"as it is†, the ways in which the media presents an event or fact has a strong influence on how the audience perceive and interpret. The feelings and interests of those who cover and present often induce biases. Mo st of the biases induced on news normally occur due to the interest of the media. The origin of the media, for instance, plays a significant role in giving â€Å"meaning† to a historical event. In this discussion, four newspapers have been analyzed. They report about the recent dispute between China and Japan over the ownership of Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands. Newspapers from the United Kingdom, Australia, China and Japan are examples of media channels that induce different meanings on the same historical event. Analysis The ‘Japan Times’, a daily newspaper printed in Tokyo, reported that the conflict between the two nations over Senkaku Islands is a major pointer to the aggressiveness of the Chinese Communist regime. In the story â€Å"No winners in a conflict over Senkaku Islands†, author Michael Richardson’s interest is to describe the innocence of Japan (Richardson The Japan times 14). At the same time, it points to the aggression that China’ s government has employed as a tactic to show its rising influence in the Far East and the world in general.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author introduces the story with a clear but brief description of the conflict. Here, the author’s interest appears to be largely inclined towards the political and economic significance of the conflict to the three nations. Throughout the article, it is clear that the paper’s interest is to describe China as being on the wrong, while Japan and America on the right. For instance, the article argues â€Å"†¦China, an increasingly assertive and militarily powerful nation, is currently challenging the rights of other countries in the region to occupy reefs and atolls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Richardson The Japan times 14). By including the term â€Å"challenging the rights of other nations†, the article is clearly bi ased because it seems to support Japan in the conflict by displaying China as an aggressive nation that does not respect the rights of its neighbors. The article goes on to claim that Beijing is considering enforcing controls on fishing and banning energy development in south China seas without its approval. Evidently, the article does not touch on the issues China has raised, especially in terms of long-term Japanese presence in the Sea and its exploitation of fish and other resources though the sea is not a part of her territory. Secondly, the article reports that Japan has done everything possible to contain the conflict, including suggesting a negotiation summit with China. However, the article further reports that the Japanese government, being the rightful owner of Senkaku Islands, has stated clearly that there will be no negotiations over the ownership of the island. It also argues that China, aware of the fact that its claims are false, insists on negotiations. In this case, the article seems to make the reader perceive Japan as the rightful owner of Senkaku and China as an intruder challenging the rights of her neighbors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Media Reporting on History: The Senkaku Islands Dispute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the article argues that China is basing its military strategies and conflicts with other nations in the region as a way of protecting its core interests. The article argues that the Chinese definition of â€Å"defending its core interests† could possibly include the use of force in expanding its territory, something the author links to the recent quelling of independent movements in Tibet as well as annexation of Taiwan by Chinese forces. The author concludes by arguing that Japan must be supported by America in any way, including military aid. This shows that the article assumes that Japan is the rightful owner o f the Islands and as such, the international community must provide support. ‘The Guardian’, a British newspaper, carried a story on Monday 21 January that seems to take a more neutral position than the articles by the Japanese, Chinese and Australian newspapers reviewed here. Titled â€Å"China rebukes US over ‘ignorant’ comments on island dispute with Japan†, the Guardian reports on Chinese critic of the position taken by the United Sates in regards to the dispute over Senkaku Islands (Branigan and McCurry 18). The Guardian first reports on the progress in the dispute, citing the recent return of the Chinese military ships to the waters around the islands and the Japanese threat of using warning shots to deter the Chinese military and private planes that had been flying near the islands. The guardian argues that such a step by Japan would possible raise stakes. In addition, the article reports that a few days earlier, the Chinese military had scram bled a number of fighter jets to â€Å"tail† Japanese fighters that were thought to be shadowing a surveillance plane owned by the Chinese military (Branigan and McCurry 18). In this case, the guardian attempts to show how serious the situation is, possible pointing towards a possible war between the two nations over the islands, which could also involve other allies of Japan such as the USA. Although the article has attempted to take a neutral position, it is evident that it stresses much on â€Å"a possible military conflict†.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it argues that Chinese neighbors are anxious of her increasing power and aggression, while China is anxious of the involvement of the US in trying to contain Chinese powers and influence. For instance, the article reports that Chinese government considers the American stand as â€Å"ignorant of the facts on the ground and indiscriminate of rights and wrongs† (Branigan and McCurry 18). China claims that America’s involvement in the region is interference. Throughout the article, there is evidence that the newspaper tries to convince the audience that the conflict is tense and could cause a regional war or better still, a world conflict. For instance, it argues that the tension is great to an extent that a mistake or accidental pulling of ‘single trigger’ could make things go out of control. In the ‘China Daily’, a Beijing-based daily newspaper, the actions of Japan and the US in the conflict have greatly been criticized. In an art icle titled â€Å"Ishihara’s dangerous dream†, the newspaper begins by convincing the reader that some Japanese politicians are out to provoke a conflict between their country and China and then involve the US (Zhaokui 7). The article argues that this move is a strategy to ensure that Japan regains her glory as the regional military and political power. In particular, the article argues that the former Governor of Tokyo, Mr. Shintaro Ishihara, is one of the most significant politicians involved in triggering the conflict between the two nations over the islands. Throughout the article, the author argues that Ishihara, in his campaigns for Japanese premiership, criticized his opponent for trying to involve China in a negotiation about the sovereignty of Senkaku (Diaoyu) islands because he believed the islands were within the territories of Japan. The article goes further to argue that China and Japan have strong relationships in trade and regional cooperation, but the r emarks and moves by politicians like Ishihara are out to cause a military conflict. In fact, the newspaper blames Japanese politicians such as Ishihara as being the perpetrators of the conflict. This article appears to divert the public from believing that China is aggressive. For example, the article cites a comment made by Ishihara, where he argues that he would â€Å"purchase† the Senkaku from the US and if China attempts to oppose this move, it would be â€Å"declaring war† on Japan (Zhaokui 7). The article further argues that Japanese politicians believed that a war on China was one of America’s top agenda and as such, by provoking China, America would automatically join Japan. From this article, it is clear that the presentation of news and facts is full of bias because the Chinese newspaper wants the public to believe that the source and progress of the conflict lies within the circles of the Japanese politicians. In addition, the article attempts to show that China is innocent, while Japanese politicians are not only aggressive, but also seeking any way possible to trigger a military conflict that would involve the US against China. The ‘Canberra Times’, an Australian newspaper, has taken a critical and analytical approach to the events surrounding the conflict. In general, the article â€Å"Troubling signs of the rise of Chinese ultra-nationalists† tends to argue that the main problem is the rise of China as an economic power, which has in turn made the country outdo Japan as the military power in the region and second in the world after the US (Richardson The Canberra times 23). Just like the ‘Guardian’, the ‘Canberra Times’ has presented the news in an analytical manner that show the possibility of a war between China on one side, and Japan and America on the other. However, this paper attempts to show that Chinese aggressiveness in terms of military technologies and power is the mai n cause of the conflict. In addition, the newspaper attempts to show that the conflict over the Senkaku Islands is just one of the examples of areas that China is using as a point of conflict with its neighbors. This article attempts to convince the reader that the people of China do not approve the stand that China is taking; rather it is the role of the military wing of the Communist Party. In addition, this Australian newspaper attempts to make the reader believe that Japan, an ally of Australia, is innocent and the rightful owner of the islands, which therefore means that Tokyo has the right to use military intervention and include her allies such as the US. Conclusion By looking at the four articles in the four different papers, it is evident that the media influence history. Each paper portrays a bias, especially as they seek to make the reader believe in one side of the story. It is evident that the stand taken by the author or the owner of the newspaper develops bias in repo rting by favoring one side of the story. Works Cited Branigan, Tania and Justin McCurry. â€Å"China rebukes US over ‘ignorant’ comments on island dispute with Japan.† The Guardian 21 Jan. 2013: 18. Print. Richardson, Michael. â€Å"No winners in a conflict over Senkaku Islands.† The Japan Times 5 Feb. 2013: 14. Print. â€Å"Troubling signs of the rise of Chinese ultra-nationalists.† The Canberra Times 13 Feb. 2013: 23. Print. Zhaokui, Feng. â€Å"Ishihara’s dangerous dream.† China Daily 30 Jan. 2013: 7. Print. This essay on Effects of Media Reporting on History: The Senkaku Islands Dispute was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.